Ruby中充滿了隱藏變量,我們可以從這些預(yù)定義的全局變量中獲得一些有趣的信息,今天武林技術(shù)頻道小編和大家分享Ruby 中$開頭的變量介紹,希望對你學(xué)習(xí)有幫助!
全局進(jìn)程變量
$$ 表示當(dāng)前運(yùn)行的 ruby 進(jìn)程。
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
>> $$
=> 17170
我們可以從當(dāng)前進(jìn)程殺死它自己
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>> `kill -9 #{$$}`
[1]??? 17170 killed???? irb
$? 表示最近一個子進(jìn)程的狀態(tài)
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異常和錯誤
$1 表示引起異常的信息。比如在這里 raise "there's no peanut butter",它的值就是 there's no peanut butter。
>> begin raise "this town ain't big enough for the both of us" rescue puts $! end
this town ain't big enough for the both of us
=> nil
$@ 可以給出完整的引起錯誤的棧調(diào)用信息,它是一個數(shù)組。
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字符串和分隔符
$; 表示 String.split 里的分隔符,默認(rèn)是空格。
>> "One Spaceship, Two Tiny Tanks, Three Misplaced Socks".split
=> ["One Spaceship", " Two Tiny Tanks", " Three Misplaced Socks"]
>> $; = ","
=> ","
>> "One Spaceship, Two Tiny Tanks, Three Misplaced Socks".split
=> ["One Spaceship", " Two Tiny Tanks", " Three Misplaced Socks"]
$, 用在 Array.join 和 Kernel.print 里,默認(rèn)是 nil。?
>> ['one', 'two', 'three', 'green'].join
=> "onetwothreegreen"
>> $, = "-"
=> "-"
>> ['one', 'two', 'three', 'green'].join
=> "one-two-three-green"
$/ 表述讀取輸入的行分隔符。它被用在 Kernel.gets 里。它通常表示新行,但可以被修改。這個很難展示,因?yàn)?irb 依賴 /n 作為讀取分隔符,如果把 $/ 設(shè)置成 nil,gets 就會讀取整個文件。
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$/ 正好相反,它是作為輸出的行分隔符。
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文件
假設(shè)有個叫l(wèi)etter.text的文件:
$. 表示文件當(dāng)前被讀取的行號。
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>> open('letter.txt').each { |line| puts "#{$.}: #{line}" }
1: Dear Caroline,
2: I think we need some honey for tea.
3: I also think that I may have misplaced my red tie, have you seen it?
4:
5: -Nick
=> #<File:letter.txt>
$_ 表示最后讀取的行。
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匹配和正則表達(dá)式
$~ 表示最近一次正則匹配到的信息,如果有的話它就返回 MatchData 的示例,否則就是 nil。
>> "the robots are coming, the robots are coming, the robots are coming" =~ /ro/
=> 4
>> $~
=> #<MatchData "ro">
>> $~.to_s
=> "ro"
>> "the robots are coming, the robots are coming, the robots are coming" =~ /cats/
=> nil
>> $~
$& 跟 $~ 非常相似,它返回最近一次匹配到的字符串。
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>> "the robots are coming, the robots are coming, the robots are coming" =~ /ro/
=> 4
>> $&
$' 表示匹配不分后面的字符串。
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其他
$> 表示ruby 默認(rèn)的輸出對象,用在 Kernel.print 里。
>> $> =? $> = $stderr
=> #<IO:<STDERR>>
>> puts 'no no no'
no no no
=> nil
>> $> = $stdin
/home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb.rb:168:in `write': not opened for writing (IOError)
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb.rb:168:in `print'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb.rb:168:in `block (2 levels) in eval_input'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb.rb:273:in `signal_status'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb.rb:156:in `block in eval_input'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb/ruby-lex.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in each_top_level_statement'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb/ruby-lex.rb:229:in `loop'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb/ruby-lex.rb:229:in `block in each_top_level_statement'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb/ruby-lex.rb:228:in `catch'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb/ruby-lex.rb:228:in `each_top_level_statement'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb.rb:155:in `eval_input'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb.rb:70:in `block in start'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb.rb:69:in `catch'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/irb.rb:69:in `start'
??????? from /home/meck/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/bin/irb:12:in `<main>'
$* 可能是最常用全局變量,它表示包含傳給 ruby 文件的所有變量的數(shù)組,假設(shè)有個叫 argument_echoer.rb 文件:
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$*.each { |arg| puts arg }
運(yùn)行它:
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以上就是關(guān)于Ruby 中$開頭的變量介紹,如果你還想了解更多技術(shù)方面的知識,你可以來關(guān)注武林技術(shù)頻道網(wǎng),武林技術(shù)頻道小編會為你服務(wù)。