控制流基本上大同小異,在此列舉幾個比較有趣的地方。
switch
Break
文檔原文是 No Implicit Fallthrough ,粗暴的翻譯一下就是:不存在隱式貫穿。其中 Implicit 是一個經常出現的詞,中文原意是:“含蓄的,暗示的,隱蓄的”。在 Swift 中通常表示默認處理。比如這里的隱式貫穿,就是指傳統的多個 case 如果沒有 break 就會從上穿到底的情況。再例如 implicitly unwrapped optionals ,隱式解析可選類型,則是默認會進行解包操作不用手動通過 ! 進行解包。
回到 switch 的問題,看下下面這段代碼:
let anotherCharacter: Character = "a"switch anotherCharacter {case "a": println("The letter a")case "A": println("The letter A")default: println("Not the letter A")}
可以看到雖然匹配到了 case "a" 的情況,但是在當前 case 結束之后便直接跳出,沒有繼續往下執行。如果想繼續貫穿到下面的 case 可以通過 fallthrough 實現。
Tuple
我們可以在 switch 中使用元祖 (tuple) 進行匹配。用 _ 表示所有值。比如下面這個例子,判斷坐標屬于什么區域:
let somePoint = (1, 1)switch somePoint {case (0, 0): // 位于遠點 println("(0, 0) is at the origin")case (_, 0): // x為任意值,y為0,即在 X 軸上 println("(/(somePoint.0), 0) is on the x-axis")case (0, _): // y為任意值,x為0,即在 Y 軸上 println("(0, /(somePoint.1)) is on the y-axis")case (-2...2, -2...2): // 在以原點為中心,邊長為4的正方形內。 println("(/(somePoint.0), /(somePoint.1)) is inside the box")default: println("(/(somePoint.0), /(somePoint.1)) is outside of the box")}// "(1, 1) is inside the box"
如果想在 case 中用這個值,那么可以用過值綁定 (value bindings) 解決:
let somePoint = (0, 1)switch somePoint {case (0, 0): println("(0, 0) is at the origin")case (let x, 0): println("x is /(x)")case (0, let y): println("y is /(y)")default: println("default")}
Where
case 中可以通過 where 對參數進行匹配。比如我們想打印 y=x 或者 y=-x這種45度仰望的情況,以前是通過 if 解決,現在可以用 switch 搞起:
let yetAnotherPoint = (1, -1)switch yetAnotherPoint {case let (x, y) where x == y: println("(/(x), /(y)) is on the line x == y")case let (x, y) where x == -y: println("(/(x), /(y)) is on the line x == -y")case let (x, y): println("(/(x), /(y)) is just some arbitrary point")}// "(1, -1) is on the line x == -y”
Control Transfer Statements
Swift 有四個控制轉移狀態:
continue - 針對 loop ,直接進行下一次循環迭代。告訴循環體:我這次循環已經結束了。
break - 針對 control flow (loop + switch),直接結束整個控制流。在 loop 中會跳出當前 loop ,在 switch 中是跳出當前 switch 。如果 switch 中某個 case 你實在不想進行任何處理,你可以直接在里面加上 break 來忽略。
fallthrough - 在 switch 中,將代碼引至下一個 case 而不是默認的跳出 switch。
return - 函數中使用
其他
看到一個有趣的東西:Swift Cheat Sheet,里面是純粹的代碼片段,如果突然短路忘了語法可以來看看。
比如 Control Flow 部分,有如下代碼,基本覆蓋了所有的點:
// for loop (array)let myArray = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5]for value in myArray { if value == 1 { println("One!") } else { println("Not one!") }}// for loop (dictionary)var dict = [ "name": "Steve Jobs", "title": "CEO", "company": "Apple"]for (key, value) in dict { println("/(key): /(value)")}// for loop (range)for i in -1...1 { // [-1, 0, 1] println(i)}// use .. to exclude the last number// for loop (ignoring the current value of the range on each iteration of the loop)for _ in 1...3 { // Do something three times.}// while loopvar i = 1while i < 1000 { i *= 2}// do-while loopdo { println("hello")} while 1 == 2// Switchlet vegetable = "red pepper"switch vegetable {case "celery": let vegetableComment = "Add some raisins and make ants on a log."case "cucumber", "watercress": let vegetableComment = "That would make a good tea sandwich."case let x where x.hasSuffix("pepper"): let vegetableComment = "Is it a spicy /(x)?"default: // required (in order to cover all possible input) let vegetableComment = "Everything tastes good in soup."}// Switch to validate plist contentlet city:Dictionary<String, AnyObject> = [ "name" : "Qingdao", "population" : 2_721_000, "abbr" : "QD"]switch (city["name"], city["population"], city["abbr"]) { case (.Some(let cityName as NSString), .Some(let pop as NSNumber), .Some(let abbr as NSString)) where abbr.length == 2: println("City Name: /(cityName) | Abbr.:/(abbr) Population: /(pop)") default: println("Not a valid city")}
以上所述就是本文的全部內容了,希望大家能夠喜歡。