Windows Powershell調用靜態方法

2020-03-26 19:16:04

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Powershell將信息存儲在對象中，每個對象都會有一個具體的類型，簡單的文本會以System.String類型存儲，日期會以System.DateTime類型存儲。任何.NET對象都可以通過GetType()方法返回它的類型，該類型中有一個FullName屬性，可以查看類型的完整名稱。

復制代碼代碼如下:

PS C:Powershell> $date=get-date
PS C:Powershell> $date

2012年1月11日 15:19:49

PS C:Powershell> $date.GetType().FullName
System.DateTime

每一個類型都可以包含一些靜態的方法，可以通過方括號和類型名稱得到類型對象本身，然后通過Get-Memeber命令查看該類型支持的所有靜態方法。

復制代碼代碼如下:

PS C:Powershell> [System.DateTime] | Get-Member -static -memberType *Method

TypeName: System.DateTime

Name            MemberType Definition
----            ---------- ----------
Compare         Method     static int Compare(System.DateTime t1, System.Dat...
DaysInMonth Method     static int DaysInMonth(int year, int month)
Equals  Method     static bool Equals(System.DateTime t1, System.Dat...
FromBinary Method     static System.DateTime FromBinary(long dateData)
FromFileTime Method     static System.DateTime FromFileTime(long fileTime)
FromFileTimeUtc Method     static System.DateTime FromFileTimeUtc(long fileT...
FromOADate      Method     static System.DateTime FromOADate(double d)
IsLeapYear      Method     static bool IsLeapYear(int year)
Parse           Method     static System.DateTime Parse(string s), static Sy...
ParseExact      Method     static System.DateTime ParseExact(string s, strin...
ReferenceEquales Method     static bool ReferenceEquals(System.Object objA, S...
SpecifyKind     Method     static System.DateTime SpecifyKind(System.DateTim...
TryParse        Method     static bool TryParse(string s, System.DateTime&, ...
TryParseExact   Method     static bool TryParseExact(string s, string format...

System.DateTime類支持的靜態方法非常實用
使用Parse方法將一個字符串轉換成DateTime類：

復制代碼代碼如下:

PS C:Powershell> [System.DateTime]::Parse("2012-10-13 23:42:55")

2012年10月13日 23:42:55

使用isLeapYear方法判斷閏年

復制代碼代碼如下:

#1988年是閏年嗎？
[System.DateTime]::IsLeapYear(1988)
#打印1988到2000年的所有閏年
for($year=1988;$year -le 2000;$year++)
{
if( [System.DateTime]::IsLeapYear($year) ){$year}
}

True
1988
1992
1996
2000

另一個常用的類為Math類，在Math類中定義了很多實用的靜態方法：
例如求絕對值，三角函數，取整：

復制代碼代碼如下:

	
	PS C:Powershell> [Math]::Abs(-10.89)
	10.89
	PS C:Powershell> [Math]::Sin([Math]::PI/2)
	1
	PS C:Powershell> [Math]::Truncate(2012.7765)
	2012

查看感興趣的.NET類型

.NET支持成千上萬的類型，有了這些類型可以做許多事情，幸運的是Powershell恰好支持這些類型。

對象類型轉換

例如使用System.Net.IPAddress類將字符串IP地址轉換成一個IPAddress實例

復制代碼代碼如下:

PS C:Powershell> [Net.IPAddress]'10.3.129.71'

Address           : 1199637258
AddressFamily     : InterNetwork
ScopeId           :
IsIPv6Multicast   : False
IsIPv6LinkLocal : False
IsIPv6SiteLocal : False
IPAddressToString : 10.3.129.71

調用靜態的方法

同樣是System.Net.IPAddress類，根據IP地址查看主機名，8.8.8.8是谷歌的免費DNS服務器

復制代碼代碼如下:

PS C:Powershell> [system.Net.Dns]::GetHostByAddress('8.8.8.8') | fl

HostName : google-public-dns-a.google.com
Aliases : {}
AddressList : {8.8.8.8}

根據類型創建實例

下面演示通過$webClient類的DownloadFile方法下載文件:

復制代碼代碼如下:

	
	PS C:Powershell> $localName="C:Powershellindex.php"
	PS C:Powershell> Test-Path $localName
	False
	PS C:Powershell> $add="http://www.mossfly.com/index.php"
	PS C:Powershell> $webClient=New-Object Net.WebClient
	PS C:Powershell> $webClient.DownloadFile($add,$localName)
	PS C:Powershell> Test-Path $localName
	True

查看程序集

.NET中的類型定義在不同的程序集中，首先得知道當前程序已經加載了那些程序集。AppDomain類可以完成這個需求，因為它有一個靜態成員CurrentDomain，CurrentDomain中有一個GetAssemblies()方法。

復制代碼代碼如下:

PS C:Powershell> [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain

FriendlyName           : DefaultDomain
Id                     : 1
ApplicationDescription :
BaseDirectory          : C:WINDOWSsystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0
DynamicDirectory       :
RelativeSearchPath     :
SetupInformation       : System.AppDomainSetup
ShadowCopyFiles        : False

PS C:Powershell> [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()

GAC    Version        Location
---    -------        --------
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv2.0.50727mscorlib...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Cons...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem2.0.0.0__b77a5c561...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Management.Automat...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Core3.5.0.0__b77a...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Configuration.Inst...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.WSMan.Managemen...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_32System.Transactions2.0.0.0...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Secu...
True   v2.0           C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Cons...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Xml2.0.0.0__b77a5...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Management2.0.0.0...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.DirectoryServices...
True   v2.0           C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Management.Automat...
True   v2.0           C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.WSMan.Managemen...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv2.0.50727mscorlib...
True   v2.0           C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Secu...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_32System.Data2.0.0.0__b77a5c...
True   v2.0           C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Configuration2.0....
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.JScript8.0.0.0...

搜索指定類型

查詢每個程序集中的方法可是使用GetExportedTypes() 方法。因為許多程序集中包含了大量的方法，在搜索時最好指定關鍵字。下面的代碼演示如何查找包含”environment”關鍵字的類型。

復制代碼代碼如下:

PS C:Powershell> [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | ForEach-Object { $_.GetExportedTypes() } | Where-Object { $_ -like $searchtext } | ForEach-Object { $_.FullName }

System.EnvironmentVariableTarget
System.Environment
System.Environment+SpecialFolder
System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeEnvironment
System.Security.Permissions.EnvironmentPermissionAccess
System.Security.Permissions.EnvironmentPermission
System.Security.Permissions.EnvironmentPermissionAttribute
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.EnvironmentProvider

上面搜索到的類型有一個為：System.Environment類，System.Environment類可以做很多事情，可以先查看以下System.Environment類的所有靜態方法。

復制代碼代碼如下:

PS C:Powershell> [Environment] | Get-Member -Static

TypeName: System.Environment

Name                       MemberType Definition
----                         ---------- ----------
Equals                       Method     static bool Equals(System.Object objA,
Exit                         Method     static System.Void Exit(int exitCode)
ExpandEnvironmentVariables Method     static string ExpandEnvironmentVariabl
FailFast                     Method     static System.Void FailFast(string mes
GetCommandLineArgs         Method     static string[] GetCommandLineArgs()
GetEnvironmentVariable     Method     static string GetEnvironmentVariable(s
GetEnvironmentVariables    Method     static System.Collections.IDictionary
GetFolderPath              Method     static string GetFolderPath(System.Env
GetLogicalDrives           Method     static string[] GetLogicalDrives()
ReferenceEquals            Method     static bool ReferenceEquals(System.Obj
SetEnvironmentVariable     Method     static System.Void SetEnvironmentVaria
CommandLine                Property   static System.String CommandLine {get;
CurrentDirectory           Property   static System.String CurrentDirectory
ExitCode                   Property   static System.Int32 ExitCode {get;set;
HasShutdownStarted         Property   static System.Boolean HasShutdownStart
MachineName                Property   static System.String MachineName {get;
NewLine                    Property   static System.String NewLine {get;}
OSVersion                  Property   static System.OperatingSystem OSVersio
ProcessorCount             Property   static System.Int32 ProcessorCount {ge
StackTrace                 Property   static System.String StackTrace {get;}
SystemDirectory            Property   static System.String SystemDirectory {
TickCount                  Property   static System.Int32 TickCount {get;}
UserDomainName             Property   static System.String UserDomainName {g
UserInteractive            Property   static System.Boolean UserInteractive
UserName                   Property   static System.String UserName {get;}
Version                      Property   static System.Version Version {get;}
WorkingSet                 Property   static System.Int64 WorkingSet {get;}

例如System.Environment中的屬性輸出當前登錄域、用戶名、機器名：

復制代碼代碼如下:

	
	PS C:Powershell> [Environment]::UserDomainName
	MyHome
	PS C:Powershell> [Environment]::UserName
	xiaoming
	PS C:Powershell> [Environment]::MachineName
	LocalHost

搜索方法

下面的例子演示如何根據指定關鍵字”Address”,搜索方法。

復制代碼代碼如下:

[AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | ForEach-Object { $_.GetExportedTypes() } | ForEach-Object { $_.getmembers() } | Where-Object { $_.isStatic} | Where-Object { $_ -like $searchtext } | ForEach-Object { "[{0}]::{1} --> {2}" -f $_.declaringtype, $_.toString().SubString($_.toString().IndexOf(" ")+1), $_.ReturnType }

[System.Net.IPAddress]::Parse(System.String) --> System.Net.IPAddress
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IsLoopback(System.Net.IPAddress) --> System.Boolean
[System.Net.IPAddress]::Any -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::Loopback -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::Broadcast -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::None -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IPv6Any -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IPv6Loopback -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IPv6None -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Unknown -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Unspecified -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Unix -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::InterNetwork -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::ImpLink -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Pup -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Chaos -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::NS -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ipx -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Iso -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Osi -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ecma -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::DataKit -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ccitt -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Sna -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::DecNet -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::DataLink -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Lat -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::HyperChannel -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::AppleTalk -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::NetBios -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::VoiceView -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::FireFox -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Banyan -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Atm -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::InterNetworkV6 -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Cluster -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ieee12844 -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Irda -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::NetworkDesigners -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Max -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::GetBroadcastAddress -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::AddressListQuery -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::AddressListChange -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::AddressListSort -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::DestinationAddressRequired -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::AddressFamilyNotSupported -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::AddressAlreadyInUse -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::AddressNotAvailable -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketOptionName]::ReuseAddress -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketOptionName]::ExclusiveAddressUse -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Invalid -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Tentative -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Duplicate -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Deprecated -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Preferred -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkChange]::add_NetworkAddressChanged(System
.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkAddressChangedEventHandler) --> System.Void
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkChange]::remove_NetworkAddressChanged(Sys
tem.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkAddressChangedEventHandler) --> System.Void
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.PhysicalAddress]::Parse(System.String) --> Syste
m.Net.NetworkInformation.PhysicalAddress
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.PhysicalAddress]::None -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.SuffixOrigin]::LinkLayerAddress -->
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.ActiveDirectorySyntax]::PresentationA
ddress -->
[Microsoft.JScript.JSError]::DoesNotHaveAnAddress -->
[Microsoft.JScript.JSError]::WrongUseOfAddressOf -->