json是一種比較流行的數據交換格式之一,各大API網站均支持json。通過本篇文章給大家介紹php語言中使用json技巧以及php語言中json的實現,對php語言中使用json技巧及json的實現代碼詳解感興趣的朋友一起來本文學習學習吧
目前,JSON已經成為最流行的數據交換格式之一,各大網站的API幾乎都支持它。
我寫過一篇《數據類型和JSON格式》,探討它的設計思想。今天,我想總結一下PHP語言對它的支持,這是開發互聯網應用程序(特別是編寫API)必須了解的知識。
從5.2版本開始,PHP原生提供json_encode()和json_decode()函數,前者用于編碼,后者用于解碼。
一、json_encode()
該函數主要用來將數組和對象,轉換為json格式。先看一個數組轉換的例子:
- $arr = array ('a'=>1,'b'=>2,'c'=>3,'d'=>4,'e'=>5);
- echo json_encode($arr);
結果為
{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}
再看一個對象轉換的例子:
- $obj->body = 'another post';
- $obj->id = 21;
- $obj->approved = true;
- $obj->favorite_count = 1;
- $obj->status = NULL;
- echo json_encode($obj);
結果為
- {
- "body":"another post",
- "id":21,
- "approved":true,
- "favorite_count":1,
- "status":null
- }
由于json只接受utf-8編碼的字符,所以json_encode()的參數必須是utf-8編碼,否則會得到空字符或者null。當中文使用GB2312編碼,或者外文使用ISO-8859-1編碼的時候,這一點要特別注意。
二、索引數組和關聯數組
PHP支持兩種數組,一種是只保存"值"(value)的索引數組(indexed array),另一種是保存"名值對"(name/value)的關聯數組(associative array)。
由于javascript不支持關聯數組,所以json_encode()只將索引數組(indexed array)轉為數組格式,而將關聯數組(associative array)轉為對象格式。
比如,現在有一個索引數組
- $arr = Array('one', 'two', 'three');
- echo json_encode($arr);
結果為:
["one","two","three"]
如果將它改為關聯數組:
- $arr = Array('1'=>'one', '2'=>'two', '3'=>'three');
- echo json_encode($arr);
結果就變了:
- {"1":"one","2":"two","3":"three"}
注意,數據格式從"[]"(數組)變成了"{}"(對象)。
如果你需要將"索引數組"強制轉化成"對象",可以這樣寫
- json_encode( (object)$arr );
或者
- json_encode ( $arr, JSON_FORCE_OBJECT );
三、類(class)的轉換
下面是一個PHP的類:
- class Foo {
- const ERROR_CODE = '404';
- public $public_ex = 'this is public';
- private $private_ex = 'this is private!';
- protected $protected_ex = 'this should be protected';
- public function getErrorCode() {
- return self::ERROR_CODE;
- }
- }
現在,對這個類的實例進行json轉換:
- $foo = new Foo;
- $foo_json = json_encode($foo);
- echo $foo_json;
輸出結果是
{"public_ex":"this is public"}
可以看到,除了公開變量(public),其他東西(常量、私有變量、方法等等)都遺失了。
四、json_decode()
該函數用于將json文本轉換為相應的PHP數據結構。下面是一個例子:
- $json = '{"foo": 12345}';
- $obj = json_decode($json);
- print $obj->{'foo'}; // 12345
通常情況下,json_decode()總是返回一個PHP對象,而不是數組。比如:
- $json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';
- var_dump(json_decode($json));
結果就是生成一個PHP對象:
- object(stdClass)#1 (5) {
- ["a"] => int(1)
- ["b"] => int(2)
- ["c"] => int(3)
- ["d"] => int(4)
- ["e"] => int(5)
- }
如果想要強制生成PHP關聯數組,json_decode()需要加一個參數true:
- $json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';
- var_dump(json_decode($json,true));
結果就生成了一個關聯數組:
- array(5) {
- ["a"] => int(1)
- ["b"] => int(2)
- ["c"] => int(3)
- ["d"] => int(4)
- ["e"] => int(5)
- }
五、json_decode()的常見錯誤
下面三種json寫法都是錯的,你能看出錯在哪里嗎?
- $bad_json = "{ 'bar': 'baz' }";
- $bad_json = '{ bar: "baz" }';
- $bad_json = '{ "bar": "baz", }';
對這三個字符串執行json_decode()都將返回null,并且報錯。
第一個的錯誤是,json的分隔符(delimiter)只允許使用雙引號,不能使用單引號。第二個的錯誤是,json名值對的"名"(冒號左邊的部分),任何情況下都必須使用雙引號。第三個的錯誤是,最后一個值之后不能添加逗號(trailing comma)。
另外,json只能用來表示對象(object)和數組(array),如果對一個字符串或數值使用json_decode(),將會返回null。
- var_dump(json_decode("Hello World")); //null
下面給大家介紹哦php語言的json實現
由于開發一個ajax file manager for web開源項目,數據交換使用的json格式,后來發現在低版本的php上運行會有問題,仔細調試發現json_decode和json_encode無法正常工作,于是查閱資料,發現低版本的php沒有實現這兩個函數,為了兼容性,我只好自己實現一個php版的json編碼解碼代碼,并保證和json2.js的一致,測試調試并通過,現在將其公布出來,供有相同需求的同學使用:
- <?php
- /* * ****************************************************************************
- * $base: $
- *
- * $Author: $
- * Berlin Qin
- *
- * $History: base.js $
- * Berlin Qin // created
- *
- * $contacted
- * [email protected]
- * www.webfmt.com
- *
- * *************************************************************************** */
- /* ===========================================================================
- * license
- *
- * 、Open Source Licenses
- * webfmt is distributed under the GPL, LGPL and MPL open source licenses.
- * This triple copyleft licensing model avoids incompatibility with other open source licenses.
- * These Open Source licenses are specially indicated for:
- * Integrating webfmt into Open Source software;
- * Personal and educational use of webfmt;
- * Integrating webfmt in commercial software,
- * taking care of satisfying the Open Source licenses terms,
- * while not able or interested on supporting webfmt and its development.
- *
- * 、Commercial License – fbis source Closed Distribution License - CDL
- * For many companies and products, Open Source licenses are not an option.
- * This is why the fbis source Closed Distribution License (CDL) has been introduced.
- * It is a non-copyleft license which gives companies complete freedom
- * when integrating webfmt into their products and web sites.
- * This license offers a very flexible way to integrate webfmt in your commercial application.
- * These are the main advantages it offers over an Open Source license:
- * Modifications and enhancements doesn't need to be released under an Open Source license;
- * There is no need to distribute any Open Source license terms alongside with your product
- * and no reference to it have to be done;
- * No references to webfmt have to be done in any file distributed with your product;
- * The source code of webfmt doesn't have to be distributed alongside with your product;
- * You can remove any file from webfmt when integrating it with your product.
- * The CDL is a lifetime license valid for all releases of webfmt published during
- * and before the year following its purchase.
- * It's valid for webfmt releases also. It includes year of personal e-mail support.
- *
- * ************************************************************************************************************************************************* */
- function jsonDecode($json)
- {
- $result = array();
- try
- {
- if (PHP_VERSION_ID > )
- {
- $result = (array) json_decode($json);
- }
- else
- {
- $json = str_replace(array("////", "///""), array("&#;", "&#;"), $json);
- $parts = preg_split("@(/"[^/"]*/")|([/[/]/{/},:])|/s@is", $json, -, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
- foreach ($parts as $index => $part)
- {
- if (strlen($part) == )
- {
- switch ($part)
- {
- case "[":
- case "{":
- $parts[$index] = "array(";
- break;
- case "]":
- case "}":
- $parts[$index] = ")";
- break;
- case ":":
- $parts[$index] = "=>";
- break;
- case ",":
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- $json = str_replace(array("&#;", "&#;", "$"), array("////", "///"", "//$"), implode("", $parts));
- $result = eval("return $json;");
- }
- }
- catch (Exception $e)
- {
- $result = array("error" => $e->getCode());
- }
- return $result;
- }
- function valueTostr($val)
- {
- if (is_string($val))
- {
- $val = str_replace('/"', "///"", $val);
- $val = str_replace("//", "////", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/", "///", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/t", "//t", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/n", "//n", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/r", "//r", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/b", "//b", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/f", "//f", $val);
- return '"' . $val . '"';
- }
- elseif (is_int($val))
- return sprintf('%d', $val);
- elseif (is_float($val))
- return sprintf('%F', $val);
- elseif (is_bool($val))
- return ($val ? 'true' : 'false');
- else
- return 'null';
- }
- function jsonEncode($arr)
- {
- $result = "{}";
- try
- {
- if (PHP_VERSION_ID > )
- {
- $result = json_encode($arr);
- }
- else
- {
- $parts = array();
- $is_list = false;
- if (!is_array($arr))
- {
- $arr = (array) $arr;
- }
- $end = count($arr) - ;
- if (count($arr) > )
- {
- if (is_numeric(key($arr)))
- {
- $result = "[";
- for ($i = ; $i < count($arr); $i++)
- {
- if (is_array($arr[$i]))
- {
- $result = $result . jsonEncode($arr[$i]);
- }
- else
- {
- $result = $result . valueTostr($arr[$i]);
- }
- if ($i != $end)
- {
- $result = $result . ",";
- }
- }
- $result = $result . "]";
- }
- else
- {
- $result = "{";
- $i = ;
- foreach ($arr as $key => $value)
- {
- $result = $result . '"' . $key . '":';
- if (is_array($value))
- {
- $result = $result . jsonEncode($value);
- }
- else
- {
- $result = $result . valueTostr($value);
- }
- if ($i != $end)
- {
- $result = $result . ",";
- }
- $i++;
- }
- $result = $result . "}";
- }
- }
- else
- {
- $result = "[]";
- }
- }
- }
- catch (Exception $e)
- {
- }
- return $result;
- }
- ?>
如果使用過程有什么問題,可以給我email.歡迎大家指出錯誤!
新聞熱點
疑難解答