本文實(shí)例講述了YII Framework的filter過濾器用法。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:
首先看官方給出的說明文檔,什么是過濾器,過濾器的作用,過濾器的規(guī)則,過濾器的定義方法等等。
然后對過濾器進(jìn)行一個總結(jié)。
http://www.yiiframework.com/doc/guide/1.1/zh_cn/basics.controller
過濾器是一段代碼,可被配置在控制器動作執(zhí)行之前或之后執(zhí)行。例如, 訪問控制過濾器將被執(zhí)行以確保在執(zhí)行請求的動作之前用戶已通過身份驗(yàn)證;性能過濾器可用于測量控制器執(zhí)行所用的時間。
一個動作可以有多個過濾器。過濾器執(zhí)行順序?yàn)樗鼈兂霈F(xiàn)在過濾器列表中的順序。過濾器可以阻止動作及后面其他過濾器的執(zhí)行
過濾器可以定義為一個控制器類的方法。方法名必須以 filter 開頭。例如,現(xiàn)有的 filterAccessControl 方法定義了一個名為 accessControl 的過濾器。 過濾器方法必須為如下結(jié)構(gòu):
public function filterAccessControl($filterChain){ // 調(diào)用 $filterChain->run() 以繼續(xù)后續(xù)過濾器與動作的執(zhí)行。}
其中的 $filterChain (過濾器鏈)是一個 CFilterChain 的實(shí)例,代表與所請求動作相關(guān)的過濾器列表。在過濾器方法中, 我們可以調(diào)用 $filterChain->run() 以繼續(xù)執(zhí)行后續(xù)過濾器和動作。
過濾器也可以是一個 CFilter 或其子類的實(shí)例。如下代碼定義了一個新的過濾器類:
class PerformanceFilter extends CFilter{ protected function preFilter($filterChain) { // 動作被執(zhí)行之前應(yīng)用的邏輯 return true; // 如果動作不應(yīng)被執(zhí)行,此處返回 false } protected function postFilter($filterChain) { // 動作執(zhí)行之后應(yīng)用的邏輯 }}
要對動作應(yīng)用過濾器,我們需要覆蓋 CController::filters() 方法。此方法應(yīng)返回一個過濾器配置數(shù)組。例如:
class PostController extends CController{ ...... public function filters() { return array( 'postOnly + edit, create', array( 'application.filters.PerformanceFilter - edit, create', 'unit'=>'second', ), ); }}
上述代碼指定了兩個過濾器: postOnly 和 PerformanceFilter。 postOnly 過濾器是基于方法的(相應(yīng)的過濾器方法已在 CController 中定義); 而 performanceFilter 過濾器是基于對象的。路徑別名application.filters.PerformanceFilter 指定過濾器類文件是protected/filters/PerformanceFilter。我們使用一個數(shù)組配置 PerformanceFilter ,這樣它就可被用于初始化過濾器對象的屬性值。此處 PerformanceFilter 的 unit 屬性值將被初始為 second。
使用加減號,我們可指定哪些動作應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該應(yīng)用過濾器。上述代碼中, postOnly 應(yīng)只被應(yīng)用于 edit 和create 動作,而 PerformanceFilter 應(yīng)被應(yīng)用于 除了 edit 和 create 之外的動作。 如果過濾器配置中沒有使用加減號,則此過濾器將被應(yīng)用于所有動作。
過濾器功能:
用于對訪問者和數(shù)據(jù)的過濾和對訪問操作的記錄
使用方法:
一作為controller的一個方法。方法名以filter開頭。
public function filterAccessControl($filterChain){ echo "--->filterAccessControl"; $filterChain->run();}
二定義對立的filter類,要求extends CFilter。
CFilter
<?php /** * CFilter is the base class for all filters. * * A filter can be applied before and after an action is executed. * It can modify the context that the action is to run or decorate the result that the * action generates. * * Override {@link preFilter()} to specify the filtering logic that should be applied * before the action, and {@link postFilter()} for filtering logic after the action. * * @author Qiang Xue <[email protected]> * @version $Id: CFilter.php 2799 2011-01-01 19:31:13Z qiang.xue $ * @package system.web.filters * @since 1.0 */ class CFilter extends CComponent implements IFilter { /** * Performs the filtering. * The default implementation is to invoke {@link preFilter} * and {@link postFilter} which are meant to be overridden * child classes. If a child class needs to override this method, * make sure it calls <code>$filterChain->run()</code> * if the action should be executed. * @param CFilterChain $filterChain the filter chain that the filter is on. */ public function filter($filterChain) { if($this->preFilter($filterChain)) { $filterChain->run(); $this->postFilter($filterChain); } } /** * Initializes the filter. * This method is invoked after the filter properties are initialized * and before {@link preFilter} is called. * You may override this method to include some initialization logic. * @since 1.1.4 */ public function init() { } /** * Performs the pre-action filtering. * @param CFilterChain $filterChain the filter chain that the filter is on. * @return boolean whether the filtering process should continue and the action * should be executed. */ protected function preFilter($filterChain) { return true; } /** * Performs the post-action filtering. * @param CFilterChain $filterChain the filter chain that the filter is on. */ protected function postFilter($filterChain) { } }
下面舉例說明兩種filter規(guī)則的使用:
SiteController.php
<?php class SiteController extends Controller { public function init() { //$this->layout='mylayout'; } public function filters() { return array( 'AccessControl - create', array( 'application.filters.MyFilter + create', ), ); } public function filterAccessControl($filterChain) { echo "--->filterAccessControl"; $filterChain->run(); } public function actionCreate() { echo "--->create action"; } public function actionPrint() { echo "--->print action"; }
/www/yii_dev/testwebap/protected# tree
.
├── commands
│ ├── shell
│ ├── TestCommand.php
│ └── TestCommand.php~
├── components
│ ├── Controller.php
│ └── UserIdentity.php
├── config
│ ├── console.php
│ ├── main.php
│ └── test.php
├── controllers
│ ├── post
│ │ └── UpdateAction.php
│ ├── SiteController.php
│ ├── TestTestController.php
│ └── UserController.php
├── filters
│ └── MyFilter.php
MyFilter.php
<?php class MyFilter extends CFilter { protected function preFilter ($filterChain) { // logic being applied before the action is executed echo "-->MyFilter-->pre"; return true; // false if the action should not be executed } protected function postFilter ($filterChain) { echo "-->MyFilter-->post"; } }
http://www.localyii.com/testwebap/index.php?r=site/print
--->filterAccessControl--->print action
http://www.localyii.com/testwebap/index.php?r=site/create
-->MyFilter-->pre--->create action-->MyFilter-->post
public function filters(){ return array( 'AccessControl - create', array( 'application.filters.MyFilter + create,print', ), );}
http://www.localyii.com/testwebap/index.php?r=site/print
--->filterAccessControl-->MyFilter-->pre--->print action-->MyFilter-->post
以上可以看到filter的具體執(zhí)行流程。
在filters中有-、+
具體功能是
+表示僅僅作用于這一些action
-后邊跟action名稱列表。表示排除在外。
如果沒有-、+則會應(yīng)用的所有的action