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深度解析MySQL啟動時報“The server quit without updating PID file”錯誤的原因

2024-07-24 13:13:21
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很多童鞋在啟動mysql的時候,碰到過這個錯誤,

首先,澄清一點,出現這個錯誤的前提是:通過服務腳本來啟動mysql。通過mysqld_safe或mysqld啟動mysql實例并不會報這個錯誤。

那么,出現這個錯誤的原因具體是什么呢?

哈哈,對分析過程不care的童鞋可直接跳到文末的總結部分~

總結

下面,來分析下mysql的服務啟動腳本

腳本完整內容如下:

#!/bin/sh# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind# MySQL daemon start/stop script.# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is# started and shut down when the systems goes down.# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux# chkconfig: 2345 64 36# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.# Comments to support LSB init script conventions### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides: mysql# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5# Default-Stop: 0 1 6# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL# Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.### END INIT INFO# If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:## - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:# [mysqld]# basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory># - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)# and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable# below.## If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.basedir=datadir=# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting# for server start. # Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. # 0 means don't wait at all# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitelyservice_startup_timeout=900# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.# Set some defaultsmysqld_pid_file_path=if test -z "$basedir"then basedir=/usr/local/mysql bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data fi sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/binelse bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"fi# datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be# *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)datadir_set=## Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible#lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"if test -f $lsb_functions ; then . $lsb_functionselse log_success_msg() { echo " SUCCESS! $@" } log_failure_msg() { echo " ERROR! $@" }fiPATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"export PATHmode=$1 # start or stop[ $# -ge 1 ] && shiftother_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action   # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"   # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility   # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.case `echo "testing/c"`,`echo -n testing` in *c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c=  ;; *c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c=  ;; *)  echo_n= echo_c='/c' ;;esacparse_server_arguments() { for arg do case "$arg" in  --basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`     bindir="$basedir/bin"   if test -z "$datadir_set"; then    datadir="$basedir/data"   fi   sbindir="$basedir/sbin"   libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"  ;;  --datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`   datadir_set=1 ;;  --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;  --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; esac done}wait_for_pid () { verb="$1"   # created | removed pid="$2"   # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file. i=0 avoid_race_condition="by checking again" while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do case "$verb" in  'created')  # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.  test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break  ;;  'removed')  # wait for this PID-file to disappear  test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break  ;;  *)  echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"  exit 1  ;; esac # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated if test -n "$pid"; then  if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then  : # the server still runs  else  # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.   if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then   avoid_race_condition=""   continue # Check again.  fi  # there's nothing that will affect the file.  log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."  return 1 # not waiting any more.  fi fi echo $echo_n ".$echo_c" i=`expr $i + 1` sleep 1 done if test -z "$i" ; then log_success_msg return 0 else log_failure_msg return 1 fi}# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]if test -x ./bin/my_print_defaultsthen print_defaults="./bin/my_print_defaults"elif test -x $bindir/my_print_defaultsthen print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"elif test -x $bindir/mysql_print_defaultsthen print_defaults="$bindir/mysql_print_defaults"else # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf conf=/etc/my.cnf print_defaults= if test -r $conf then subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=/(.*/)$' dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's///1/' $conf` for d in $dirs do  d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[  ]//g'`  if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"  then  print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"  break  fi  if test -x "$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults"  then  print_defaults="$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults"  break  fi done fi # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"fi## Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there#extra_args=""if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"then extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"else if test -r "$datadir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $datadir/my.cnf" fifiparse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`## Set pid file if not given#if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"then mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pidelse case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in /* ) ;; * ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;; esacficase "$mode" in 'start') # Start daemon # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..) cd $basedir echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL" if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe then  # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script  # may be overwritten at next upgrade.  $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &  wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?  # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE  if test -w "$lockdir"  then  touch "$lock_file_path"  fi  exit $return_value else  log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)" fi ;; 'stop') # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the # root password. if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then  mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`  if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)  then  echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"  kill $mysqld_pid  # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.  wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?  else  log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"  rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"  fi  # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE  if test -f "$lock_file_path"  then  rm -f "$lock_file_path"  fi  exit $return_value else  log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!" fi ;; 'restart') # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was # running or not, start it again. if $0 stop $other_args; then  $0 start $other_args else  log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."  exit 1 fi ;; 'reload'|'force-reload') if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then  read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"  kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"  touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path" else  log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"  exit 1 fi ;; 'status') # First, check to see if pid file exists if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then   read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"  if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then   log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"  exit 0  else  log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"  exit 1  fi else  # Try to find appropriate mysqld process  mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`  # test if multiple pids exist  pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`  if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then  log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"  exit 5  elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then   if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then    log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"   exit 2  fi   log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"  exit 3  else  log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"  exit 4  fi fi ;; *)  # usage  basename=`basename "$0"`  echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]"  exit 1 ;;esacexit 0

首先,定義相關參數

basedir=datadir=# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting# for server start. # Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. # 0 means don't wait at all# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitelyservice_startup_timeout=900# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"

其中,

basedir 指的二進制壓縮包解壓后所在的目錄,譬如/usr/local/mysql。

datadir 指的是數據目錄

service_startup_timeout=900 定義mysql服務啟動的時間限制,如果在900s中沒有啟動成功,則該腳本會退出。

lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'

關于/var/lock/subsys,網上的解釋如下,后續會用到。

總的來說,系統關閉的過程(發出關閉信號,調用服務自身的進程)中會檢查/var/lock/subsys下的文件,逐一關閉每個服務,如果某一運行的服務在/var/lock/subsys下沒有相應的選項。在系統關閉的時候,會像殺死普通進程一樣殺死這個服務。

通過察看/etc/rc.d/init.d下的腳本,可以發現每個服務自己操縱時都會去查看/var/lock/subsys下相應的服務。

很多程序需要判斷是否當前已經有一個實例在運行,這個目錄就是讓程序判斷是否有實例運行的標志,比如說xinetd,如果存在這個文件,表示已經有xinetd在運行了,否則就是沒有,當然程序里面還要有相應的判斷措施來真正確定是否有實例在運行。通常與該目錄配套的還有/var/run目錄,用來存放對應實例的PID,如果你寫腳本的話,會發現這2個目錄結合起來可以很方便的判斷出許多服務是否在運行,運行的相關信息等等。 

判斷basedir和datadir

# Set some defaultsmysqld_pid_file_path=if test -z "$basedir"then basedir=/usr/local/mysql bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data fi sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/binelse bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"fi

其中,

mysqld_pid_file_path 指定pid文件的路徑

-z string 判斷字符串是否為空

如果basedir沒有顯示設置,則默認為/usr/local/mysql,這也是為什么很多mysql安裝教程都推薦將mysql相關文件放到/usr/local/mysql下。

如果datadir沒有顯示設置,則默認為$basedir/data。

定義log_success_msg()和log_failure_msg()函數

首先,判斷/lib/lsb/init-functions文件是否存在,如果存在,則使定義在init-functions文件中的所有shell函數在當前腳本中生效。

如果沒有,則定義兩個函數,一個用于打印成功日志,一個是打印錯誤日志。

在RHCS 6.7中,該文件并不存在,已被/etc/init.d/functions所替代。

## Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible#lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"if test -f $lsb_functions ; then . $lsb_functionselse log_success_msg() { echo " SUCCESS! $@" } log_failure_msg() { echo " ERROR! $@" }fi

傳遞參數

將第一個參數傳遞給mode,剩下的參數傳遞給other_args

PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"export PATHmode=$1 # start or stop[ $# -ge 1 ] && shiftother_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action   # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"   # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility   # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.case `echo "testing/c"`,`echo -n testing` in *c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c=  ;; *c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c=  ;; *)  echo_n= echo_c='/c' ;;esac

解析配置文件中的參數

這個函數在腳本后面會涉及到。

主要涉及如下參數:--basedir,--datadir,--pid-file,--service-startup-timeout。

parse_server_arguments() { for arg do case "$arg" in  --basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`     bindir="$basedir/bin"   if test -z "$datadir_set"; then    datadir="$basedir/data"   fi   sbindir="$basedir/sbin"   libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"  ;;  --datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`   datadir_set=1 ;;  --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;  --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; esac done}

判斷my_print_defaults的位置

首先,它判斷當前路徑下的bin目錄中是否存在該可執行文件,如果不存在,則再判斷$bindir(通常指的是$basedir/bin)目錄下是否存在。

如果還是沒有,則會判斷/etc/my.cnf是否存在并且可讀,如果是,則判斷該配置文件中是否指定了basedir參數,

如果指定了,則取出該參數的值,并判斷該值對應的目錄中是否存在bin/my_print_defaults可執行文件

最后一步,如果在上述目錄中實在沒發現my_print_defaults文件,

索性就將print_defaults設置為"my_print_defaults",寄希望于該命令在當前的PATH環境中。

# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]if test -x ./bin/my_print_defaultsthen print_defaults="./bin/my_print_defaults"elif test -x $bindir/my_print_defaultsthen print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"elif test -x $bindir/mysql_print_defaultsthen print_defaults="$bindir/mysql_print_defaults"else # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf conf=/etc/my.cnf print_defaults= if test -r $conf then subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=/(.*/)$' dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's///1/' $conf` for d in $dirs do  d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[  ]//g'`  if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"  then  print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"  break  fi  if test -x "$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults"  then  print_defaults="$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults"  break  fi done fi # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"fi

查找默認的配置文件

-r file 如果文件可讀,則為真

## Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there#extra_args=""if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"then extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"else if test -r "$datadir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $datadir/my.cnf" fifi

解析配置文件中的參數

my_print_defaults的用法如下:

my_print_defaults --defaults-file=example.cnf client mysql

即讀取配置文件中,client和mysql部分的參數配置,

具體在本腳本中,是讀取mysqld,server,mysql_server,mysql.server四個部分的配置參數。

parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`

設置pid file的路徑

-z string 判斷字符串是否為空

如果--pid-file沒有在讀取到的配置文件中設置或者腳本剛開始的mysqld_pid_file_path參數沒有設置,

則pid file默認設置在datadir下,以主機名.pid命名。

如果該參數設置了,還需要進一步判斷

如果該參數中帶有斜杠,則代表給定的值帶有路徑,可直接使用。

如果該參數中沒帶路徑,則代表給定的值只是pid的文件名,可將其設在datadir下。

## Set pid file if not given#if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"then mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pidelse case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in /* ) ;; * ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;; esacfi

服務腳本start選項

首先,切換到$basedir中

其次,判斷$basedir/bin中的mysqld_safe是否是可執行文件,如果是,則啟動mysqld實例,如果不是,則報錯退出。

那么,啟動流程又是如何實現的呢?

首先,執行$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &命令,啟動mysqld實例。

注意到沒有,mysqld_safe其實是在basedir中執行的,包括mysql初始化腳本mysql_install_db,也建議在basedir中執行,具體可參考:

分析MariaDB初始化腳本mysql_install_db

然后通過wait_for_pid函數進行判斷,具體可見下文對于wait_for_pid函數的分析

判斷完畢后,

查看$lockdir目錄是否可寫,可寫的話,則在目錄上創建一個文件。

case "$mode" in 'start') # Start daemon # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..) cd $basedir echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL" if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe then  # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script  # may be overwritten at next upgrade.  $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &  wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?  # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE  if test -w "$lockdir"  then  touch "$lock_file_path"  fi  exit $return_value else  log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)" fi ;;

wait_for_pid函數

在利用mysqld_safe啟動mysql實例后,會調用該參數

wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?

其中$!在shell中用于獲取最后運行的后臺Process的PID,具體在本例中,是mysqld_safe進程的pid。

因為第一個參數是created,所以會執行test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break命令。

-s file 如果文件的長度不為零,則為真

該命令的意思是如果pid文件存在,則將變量i設置為空,并退出while循環。

然后執行如下判斷,

if test -z "$i" ; then log_success_msg return 0 else log_failure_msg return 1 fi

如果$i為空,則打印成功日志,并退出腳本,很顯然,在pid文件存在的情況下,會將變量i設置為空。

再來看看pid文件不存在的情況

首先,會判斷$pid是否不為空(即if test -n "$pid")

如果不為空,則代表在執行完mysqld_safe后,已經捕捉到了該進程的pid。

在這種情況下,進一步通過kill -0 "$pid"確認該進程是否存在。

kill -0就是不發送任何信號,但是系統會進行錯誤檢查,所以經常用來檢查一個進程是否存在,當進程不存在時, kill -0 pid會返回錯誤

如果該進程存在,則不執行任何操作,直接跳到如下操作

echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"i=`expr $i + 1`sleep 1

將變量i加1,并sleep 1s。

然后,繼續while循環,之所以這樣做,是考慮到mysqld_safe已經執行,但是mysqld實例還在啟動過程中,還沒創建好pid文件。

一直到$1達到$service_startup_timeout定義的時長。

如果在while循環的過程中,通過kill -0 "$pid"判斷到進程已經不存在了,

則會再判斷一次,如果這次判斷的結果依舊是pid file不存在,且進程不存在,則會執行

log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."

這就是大名鼎鼎的“The server quit without updating PID file”的由來。

wait_for_pid () { verb="$1"   # created | removed pid="$2"   # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file. i=0 avoid_race_condition="by checking again" while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do case "$verb" in  'created')  # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.  test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break  ;;  'removed')  # wait for this PID-file to disappear  test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break  ;;  *)  echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"  exit 1  ;; esac # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated if test -n "$pid"; then  if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then  : # the server still runs  else  # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.   if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then   avoid_race_condition=""   continue # Check again.  fi  # there's nothing that will affect the file.  log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."  return 1 # not waiting any more.  fi fi echo $echo_n ".$echo_c" i=`expr $i + 1` sleep 1 done if test -z "$i" ; then log_success_msg return 0 else log_failure_msg return 1 fi}

服務腳本stop選項

首先,判斷pid文件的長度是否不為零。

-s file 如果文件的長度不為零,則為真

此時,會通過pid文件獲取mysqld進程的pid,注意,不是mysqld_safe進程的pid

然后,判斷mysqld進程是否在正常運行,

如果是,則通過kill $mysqld_pid的方式來關閉mysqld進程

殺死進程最安全的方法是單純使用kill命令,不加修飾符,不帶標志。

標準的kill命令通常會終止有問題的進程,并把進程的資源釋放給系統。然而,如果進程啟動了子進程,只殺死父進程,子進程仍在運行,因此仍消耗資源。為了防止這些所謂的“僵尸進程”,應確保在殺死父進程之前,先殺死其所有的子進程。

然后,調用wait_for_pid函數進行判斷,其實,wait_for_pid函數中設置avoid_race_condition變量的目的是為了stop選項,確實有可能出現,mysqld是在檢查pid file之后,檢查進程是否存活之前退出的。

如果mysqld進程沒有正常運行,在會打印“MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!”信息,并刪除pid文件。

如果在執行stop的時候,判斷pid文件的長度為0,則會打印"MySQL server PID file could not be found!"信息。

所以,在pid文件不存在的情況下,通過服務腳本執行stop選項并不會關閉mysqld進程,這個時候,就可通過kill $mysqld_pid的方式來關閉mysqld進程。

'stop') # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the # root password. if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then  mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`  if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)  then  echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"  kill $mysqld_pid  # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.  wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?  else  log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"  rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"  fi  # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE  if test -f "$lock_file_path"  then  rm -f "$lock_file_path"  fi  exit $return_value else  log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!" fi ;;

服務腳本restart選項

首先,先執行stop操作,如果stop操作成功的話,則繼續執行start操作。

如果stop操作失敗的話,則會輸出"Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."信息,并退出腳本。

 'restart') # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was # running or not, start it again. if $0 stop $other_args; then  $0 start $other_args else  log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."  exit 1 fi ;;

服務腳本reload選項

首先,判斷pid文件的長度是否為0,如果不為0,則將該文件中的值設置為mysqld_pid變量的值。

然后對該進程執行kill -HUP操作。

kill -HUP pid

pid 是進程標識。如果想要更改配置而不需停止并重新啟動服務,請使用該命令。在對配置文件作必要的更改后,發出該命令以動態更新服務配置。

根據約定,當您發送一個掛起信號(信號 1 或 HUP)時,大多數服務器進程(所有常用的進程)都會進行復位操作并重新加載它們的配置文件。

如果pid文件的長度為0,則輸出"MySQL PID file could not be found!"。

 'reload'|'force-reload') if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then  read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"  kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"  touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path" else  log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"  exit 1 fi ;;

服務腳本status選項

首先,判斷pid文件長度是否為0,如果不是,則讀取該文件中的值,并判斷pid對應的進程是否運行正常,

如果運行正常,則輸出"MySQL running"

如果不正常,則輸出"MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"

如果pid文件的長度為0,則試圖通過mysqld的啟動命令來獲取其pid,

這個時候,可能存在一個mysqld程序啟動了多個實例,這會導致pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`大于1。

這個時候,會輸出"Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found"信息,并退出腳本。

如果mysqld_pid為空,則會繼續判斷"$lock_file_path"是否存在,如果存在,

則會輸出"MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"信息。

如果"$lock_file_path"不存在,則會輸出"MySQL is not running"信息。

如果mysqld_pid等于1,則會輸出"MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"信息。

 'status') # First, check to see if pid file exists if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then   read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"  if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then   log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"  exit 0  else  log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"  exit 1  fi else  # Try to find appropriate mysqld process  mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`  # test if multiple pids exist  pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`  if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then  log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"  exit 5  elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then   if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then    log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"   exit 2  fi   log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"  exit 3  else  log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"  exit 4  fi fi ;;

服務腳本其它選項

如果腳本的第一個參數不是上述幾個選項,則會輸出Usage信息。

 *)  # usage  basename=`basename "$0"`  echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]"  exit 1 ;;

至此,mysql的服務腳本分析完畢~

總結

在通過服務腳本啟動mysql的過程中,報“The server quit without updating PID file”錯誤,有兩個條件

首先,pid文件不存在

其次,通過kill -0 $pid檢查到進程并不存在

這個時候,只能通過mysql數據庫的錯誤日志來定位。

服務腳本如果不做任何調整的話,默認的basedir是/usr/local/mysql,datadir是/usr/local/mysql/data

如果自己的mysql服務均不是默認路徑,

則需要在該腳本中顯式設置

經測試,需設置如下幾處:

1. 設置basedir和添加conf變量

其中,conf指的是mysqld的配置文件,建議配置文件中顯式指定basedir和datadir的值。

在這里,datadir可不設置,因為datadir可通過配置文件來獲取。

但是basedir必須要指定,因為要首先根據basedir來判斷my_print_deefauts命令

basedir=/usr/local/mysql-advanced-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64datadir=conf=/usr/local/mysql-advanced-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/my_3308.cnf 

2. 第256行,添加extra_args=" -c $conf"

extra_args=" -e $basedir/my.cnf.bak"if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"then extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"else if test -r "$datadir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $datadir/my.cnf" fifiextra_args=" -c $conf"

3. 修改285行mysqld_safe的啟動參數

 $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &

修改為,

  $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$conf" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &

主要是添加了--defaults-file選項

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的深度解析MySQL啟動時報“The server quit without updating PID file”錯誤的原因,希望對大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言,小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對VeVb武林網網站的支持!


注:相關教程知識閱讀請移步到MYSQL教程頻道。
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