這里介紹Linux下兩種安裝mysql的方式:yum安裝和源碼編譯安裝。
1. yum安裝
(1)首先查看centos自帶的mysql是否被安裝:
# yum list installed |grep mysql //若有自帶安裝的mysql,將其卸載# yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64
(2)下載MySQL官網的yum倉庫:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/,
# yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el6-11.noarch.rpm//查看yum倉庫是否成功添加# yum repolist enabled |grep "mysql.*-community.*"
(3)使用mysql yum倉庫時,默認情況下選擇的最新版本進行安裝,也可以通過手動編輯文件來選擇一個版本安裝。例如,要安裝mysql5.6版本,則再mysql56-community設置enabled=1,mysql57-community設置enabled=0。
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo[mysql57-community]name=MySQL 5.7 Community Serverbaseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/enabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql# Enable to use MySQL 5.6[mysql56-community]name=MySQL 5.6 Community Serverbaseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
(4)安裝mysql
# yum install mysql-community-server
(5)啟動mysql服務
# service mysqld start
若出現下面輸出則表示mysql安裝成功:
Starting mysqld:[ OK ]
2. 源碼編譯安裝mysql
(1)首先安裝源碼編譯所需要的包
# yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel
(2)下載并解壓安裝包
# wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.14.tar.gz
# tar xvf mysql-5.6.14.tar.gz
(3)編譯安裝(編譯參數按實際情況制定)
# cd mysql-5.6.14# cmake .-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql /-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data /-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc /-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 /-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 /-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 /-DWITH_READLINE=1 /-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 /-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 /-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 /-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all /-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 /-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci# make && make install
(4)配置mysql
設置權限:
# useradd mysql# passwd mysql # chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
初始化mysql:
# cd /usr/local/mysql# scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql
注意:在/etc目錄下會存在一個my.cnf,需要將此文件更名為其他的名字,如:/etc/my.cnf.bak,否則,該文件會干擾源碼安裝的MySQL的正確配置,造成無法啟動。
(5)注冊為服務
# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files//注冊服務# cp mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql//使用默認配置文件# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf//設置開機啟動 # chkconfig mysql on
(6)啟動服務
# service mysql start
3. mysql客戶端
首次進入mysql客戶端時,通常會出現這種錯誤:
解決方案如下:
(1)在/etc/my.cnf文件中添加如下命令:
(2)重啟mysql服務之后,進入mysql客戶端修改root用戶的密碼:
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password("PASSWORD") where user="root";flush privileges;
(3)將剛剛添加的那條命令注釋掉,在mysql客戶端重設密碼:
//設置密碼強度和長度> set global validate_password_policy=0;> set global validate_password_length=1;// 更改密碼> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'PASSWORD';
(4)若設置root用戶可以遠程訪問,還需執行:
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'PASSWORD' WITH GRANT OPTION;> flush privileges;
隨后就可以通過mysql客戶端創建數據庫、表這些了。
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