史上最全最強(qiáng)SpringMVC詳細(xì)示例實(shí)戰(zhàn)教程(圖文)

2019-11-14 09:22:20

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這篇文章主要介紹了史上最全最強(qiáng)SPRingMVC詳細(xì)示例實(shí)戰(zhàn)教程(圖文),需要的朋友可以參考下

一、SpringMVC基礎(chǔ)入門(mén)，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)HelloWorld程序

　　1.首先，導(dǎo)入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

　　2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關(guān)于SpringMVC的配置

123456789101112131415 <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>

　　3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627 <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">  <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC"/>  <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>  <mvc:annotation-driven/>  <beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">  <propertyname="prefix"value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>  <propertyname="suffix"value=".jsp"/> </bean></beans>

　　4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創(chuàng)建名為jsp的文件夾，用來(lái)存放jsp視圖。創(chuàng)建一個(gè)hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

　　5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

　　6.編寫(xiě)Controller代碼

123456789 @Controller@RequestMapping("/mvc")public class mvcController { @RequestMapping("/hello") publicString hello(){ return"hello"; }}

　　7.啟動(dòng)服務(wù)器，鍵入 http://localhost:8080/項(xiàng)目名/mvc/hello

　二、配置解析

　　1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請(qǐng)求，Servlet攔截匹配規(guī)則要自已定義，把攔截下來(lái)的請(qǐng)求，依據(jù)相應(yīng)的規(guī)則分發(fā)到目標(biāo)Controller來(lái)處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

　　2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　視圖名稱解析器

　　3.以上出現(xiàn)的注解

　　@Controller 負(fù)責(zé)注冊(cè)一個(gè)bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping 注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請(qǐng)求

　三、SpringMVC常用注解

　　@Controller

　　負(fù)責(zé)注冊(cè)一個(gè)bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping

　　注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請(qǐng)求

　　@RequestBody

　　該注解用于讀取Request請(qǐng)求的body部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，使用系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)配置的HttpMessageConverter進(jìn)行解析，然后把相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)綁定到要返回的對(duì)象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)綁定到 controller中方法的參數(shù)上

　　@ResponseBody

　　該注解用于將Controller的方法返回的對(duì)象，通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)腍ttpMessageConverter轉(zhuǎn)換為指定格式后，寫(xiě)入到Response對(duì)象的body數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)

　　@ModelAttribute 　　　

　　在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在調(diào)用目標(biāo)處理方法前，會(huì)先逐個(gè)調(diào)用在方法級(jí)上標(biāo)注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入?yún)⑶笆褂?@ModelAttribute 注解：可以從隱含對(duì)象中獲取隱含的模型數(shù)據(jù)中獲取對(duì)象，再將請(qǐng)求參數(shù) –綁定到對(duì)象中，再傳入入?yún)⒎椒ㄈ雲(yún)?duì)象添加到模型中

　　@RequestParam　

　　在處理方法入?yún)⑻幨褂?@RequestParam 可以把請(qǐng)求參數(shù)傳遞給請(qǐng)求方法

　　@PathVariable

　　綁定 URL 占位符到入?yún)?/p>

　　@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出現(xiàn)異常時(shí)會(huì)執(zhí)行該方法

　　@ControllerAdvice

　　使一個(gè)Contoller成為全局的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以處理所有Controller發(fā)生的異常

　四、自動(dòng)匹配參數(shù)

123456 //match automatically@RequestMapping("/person")public String toPerson(String name,double age){ System.out.println(name+" "+age); return"hello";}

　五、自動(dòng)裝箱

　　1.編寫(xiě)一個(gè)Person實(shí)體類

12345678910111213141516171819 package test.SpringMVC.model; public class Person { publicString getName() { returnname; } publicvoidsetName(String name) { this.name = name; } publicintgetAge() { returnage; } publicvoidsetAge(intage) { this.age = age; } privateString name; privateintage; }

　　2.在Controller里編寫(xiě)方法

123456 //boxing automatically@RequestMapping("/person1")public String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return"hello";}

　六、使用InitBinder來(lái)處理Date類型的參數(shù)

12345678910111213 //the parameter was converted in initBinder@RequestMapping("/date")public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return"hello";} //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"@InitBinderpublic void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,newCustomDateEditor(newSimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true));}

　七、向前臺(tái)傳遞參數(shù)

123456789 //pass the parameters to front-end@RequestMapping("/show")public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p =newPerson(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return"show";}

　　前臺(tái)可在Request域中取到"p"

　八、使用Ajax調(diào)用

123456789 //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax@RequestMapping("/getPerson")public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); } @RequestMapping("/name")public String sayHello(){ return"name";}

　　前臺(tái)用下面的Jquery代碼調(diào)用

1234567 $(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); });});

　九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請(qǐng)求

12345 //redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect")public String redirect(){ return"redirect:hello";}

　十、文件上傳

　　1.需要導(dǎo)入兩個(gè)jar包

　　2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

1234	`<!-- upload settings --><beanid="multipartResolver"class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">` `<propertyname="maxUploadSize"value="102400000"></property></bean>`

　　3.方法代碼

1234567891011121314 @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throwsException{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf =newSimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); FileOutputStream fos =newFileOutputStream(req.getsession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(newDate())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return"hello";}

　　4.前臺(tái)form表單

1234	`<formaction="mvc/upload"method="post"enctype="multipart/form-data">` `<inputtype="file"name="file"><br>` `<inputtype="submit"value="submit"></form>`

　十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定參數(shù)的name

12345678910 @Controller@RequestMapping("/test")public class mvcController1 { @RequestMapping(value="/param") publicString testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return"/hello"; } }

　十二、RESTFul風(fēng)格的SringMVC

　　1.RestController

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728 @Controller@RequestMapping("/rest")public class RestController { @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) publicString get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return"/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) publicString post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return"/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) publicString put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return"/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) publicString delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return"/hello"; } }

　　2.form表單發(fā)送put和delete請(qǐng)求

　　在web.xml中配置

123456789 <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>

　　在前臺(tái)可以用以下代碼產(chǎn)生請(qǐng)求

1234567891011121314151617 <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post"> <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="PUT"> <inputtype="submit"value="put"></form> <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post"> <inputtype="submit"value="post"></form> <formaction="rest/user/1"method="get"> <inputtype="submit"value="get"></form> <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post"> <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="DELETE"> <inputtype="submit"value="delete"></form>

　十三、返回json格式的字符串

　　1.導(dǎo)入以下jar包

　　2.方法代碼

1234567891011121314 @Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public class jsonController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/user") publicUser get(){ User u =newUser(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(newDate()); returnu; }}

　十四、異常的處理

　　1.處理局部異常（Controller內(nèi)）

12345678910111213 @ExceptionHandlerpublic ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv =newModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); returnmv;} @RequestMapping("/error")public String error(){ inti =5/0; return"hello";}

　　2.處理全局異常（所有Controller）

12345678910 @ControllerAdvicepublic class testControllerAdvice { @ExceptionHandler publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv =newModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); returnmv; }}

　　3.另一種處理全局異常的方法

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

12345678 <beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <propertyname="exceptionMappings"> <props> <propkey="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property></bean>

　　error是出錯(cuò)頁(yè)面

　十五、設(shè)置一個(gè)自定義攔截器

　　1.創(chuàng)建一個(gè)MyInterceptor類，并實(shí)現(xiàn)HandlerInterceptor接口

1234567891011121314151617181920212223 public class MyInterceptor implementsHandlerInterceptor { @Override publicvoidafterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throwsException { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); } @Override publicvoidpostHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)throwsException { System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override publicbooleanpreHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2)throwsException { System.out.println("preHandle"); returntrue; } }

　　2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

1234567 <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mappingpath="/mvc/**"/> <beanclass="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>gt; </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>

　　3.攔截器執(zhí)行順序

　十六、表單的驗(yàn)證（使用Hibernate-validate）及國(guó)際化

　　1.導(dǎo)入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未選中不用導(dǎo)入)

　　2.編寫(xiě)實(shí)體類User并加上驗(yàn)證注解

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 public class User { publicintgetId() { returnid; } publicvoidsetId(intid) { this.id = id; } publicString getName() { returnname; } publicvoidsetName(String name) { this.name = name; } publicDate getBirth() { returnbirth; } publicvoidsetBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override publicString toString() { return"User [id="+ id + ", name="+ name + ", birth="+ birth + "]"; } privateintid; @NotEmpty privateString name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") privateDate birth;}

　　ps:@Past表示時(shí)間必須是一個(gè)過(guò)去值

　　3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單

123456 <form:formaction="form/add"method="post"modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:inputpath="id"/><form:errorspath="id"/><br> name:<form:inputpath="name"/><form:errorspath="name"/><br> birth:<form:inputpath="birth"/><form:errorspath="birth"/> <inputtype="submit"value="submit"></form:form>

　　ps:path對(duì)應(yīng)name

　　4.Controller中代碼

1234567891011121314151617 @Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public class formController { @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) publicString add(@ValidUser u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ return"addUser"; } return"showUser"; } @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) publicString add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("user",newUser()); return"addUser"; }}

　　ps:

　　1.因?yàn)閖sp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個(gè)"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在實(shí)體上標(biāo)記的注解驗(yàn)證參數(shù)

　　3.返回到原頁(yè)面錯(cuò)誤信息回回顯，表單也會(huì)回顯

　　5.錯(cuò)誤信息自定義

　　在src目錄下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
?1234 <!-- configure the locale resource --><beanid="messageSource"class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">  <propertyname="basename"value="locale"></property></bean>
　　6.國(guó)際化顯示
　　在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=賬號(hào)passWord=密碼　　locale.properties中添加
username=user namepassword=password　　創(chuàng)建一個(gè)locale.jsp
?1234 <body> <fmt:messagekey="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:messagekey="password"></fmt:message></body>
　　在SpringMVC中配置
?12 <!-- make the jsp page can be visited --><mvc:view-controllerpath="/locale"view-name="locale"/>
　　讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問(wèn)
　　最后，訪問(wèn)locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語(yǔ)言，能看到賬號(hào)和密碼的語(yǔ)言也切換了
　十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
　　1.創(chuàng)建一個(gè)test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來(lái)演示整合，并創(chuàng)建各類
　　2.User實(shí)體類
?12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 public class User {   publicintgetId() {     returnid;  }  publicvoidsetId(intid) {    this.id = id;  }  publicString getName() {    returnname;  }  publicvoidsetName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  publicDate getBirth() {    returnbirth;  }  publicvoidsetBirth(Date birth) {    this.birth = birth;  }  @Override  publicString toString() {    return"User [id="+ id + ", name="+ name + ", birth="+ birth + "]";  }    privateintid;   @NotEmpty  privateString name;    @Past  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")  privateDate birth;}
　　3.UserService類
?12345678910 @Componentpublic class UserService {   publicUserService(){    System.out.println("UserService Constructor.../n/n/n/n/n/n");  }      publicvoidsave(){     System.out.println("save");  }}
　　4.UserController
?12345678910111213 @Controller@RequestMapping("/integrate")public class UserController {   @Autowired  privateUserService userService;      @RequestMapping("/user")  publicString saveUser(@RequestBody@ModelAttributeUser u){    System.out.println(u);    userService.save();    return"hello";  }}
　　5.Spring配置文件
　　在src目錄下創(chuàng)建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
?12345678910111213141516171819202122 <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd    "    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      >  <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">    <context:exclude-filtertype="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>    <context:exclude-filtertype="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>      </context:component-scan>    </beans>
　　在Web.xml中添加配置
?12345678 <!-- configure the springIOC --><listener>  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><context-param>  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value></context-param>
　　6.在SpringMVC中進(jìn)行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對(duì)同一個(gè)對(duì)象的管理重合
?1234567 <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->  <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">    <context:include-filtertype="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>    <context:include-filtertype="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>  </context:component-scan>
　十八、SpringMVC詳細(xì)運(yùn)行流程圖
　十九、SpringMVC與struts2的區(qū)別
　　1、springmvc基于方法開(kāi)發(fā)的，struts2基于類開(kāi)發(fā)的。springmvc將url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一個(gè)Handler對(duì)象，對(duì)象中只包括了一個(gè)method。方法執(zhí)行結(jié)束，形參數(shù)據(jù)銷毀。springmvc的controller開(kāi)發(fā)類似web service開(kāi)發(fā)。
　　2、springmvc可以進(jìn)行單例開(kāi)發(fā)，并且建議使用單例開(kāi)發(fā)，struts2通過(guò)類的成員變量接收參數(shù)，無(wú)法使用單例，只能使用多例。
　　3、經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)際測(cè)試，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts標(biāo)簽，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。
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