前言

     今天復(fù)習(xí)一下SPRingMVC+Hibernate的搭建，本來(lái)想著將Spring-Security權(quán)限控制框架也映入其中的，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容太多了，Spring-Security的就留在下一篇吧，這篇主要搭建SpringMVC4.1.4和Hibernate4.3.8，之前也打了好多SpringMVC的，這部分已經(jīng)非常的熟悉了，畢竟業(yè)開發(fā)過(guò)一年多SpringMVC的，這次持久層采用Hibernate，數(shù)據(jù)源采用c3p0，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)暫采用MySQL，主要是想復(fù)習(xí)一下Hibernate。搭建SpringMVC+Hibernate的框架的思路如下下載地址 ：

     1、設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：設(shè)計(jì)好表結(jié)構(gòu)，最好符合3NF，采用Hibernate tools將設(shè)計(jì)好的表自動(dòng)生成對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)體entity。

     1、創(chuàng)建Maven項(xiàng)目，按需映入Maven包依賴。

     2、搭建Spring：配置Spring對(duì)控件層Bean的注入。

     3、搭建Hibernate：配置數(shù)據(jù)源，配置sessionFactory，配置事務(wù)，以及二級(jí)緩存ehcache的配置。

     4、測(cè)試Spring+Hibernate的框架搭建，寫單元測(cè)試JUnit，測(cè)試事務(wù)配置等。

     5、映入SpringMVC：配置SpringMVC配置信息。

     6、配置web.xml容器

     7、測(cè)試三個(gè)框架的整合：Maven編譯打包部署服務(wù)器，測(cè)試。

1、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)

       設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)權(quán)限、角色、用戶的表。自然如果一個(gè)用戶可以有多個(gè)角色，一個(gè)角色多個(gè)用戶所擁有；一個(gè)角色擁有多個(gè)權(quán)限，一個(gè)權(quán)限對(duì)應(yīng)多個(gè)角色。所以按照數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，符合3NF的話我們需要5張表進(jìn)行存在。表的具體信息就不列出了（可以下在源碼，里面還有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)），表關(guān)系如下：

      這里面ID才用到是java的UUID（36位）

2、創(chuàng)建Maven項(xiàng)目，編寫pom.xml文件

      創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Maven的webapp項(xiàng)目，編寫pom.xml文件，引入所需的包依賴，我這里就將所需的全部的映入了。

      pom.xml文件內(nèi)容如下:

  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>	<groupId>org.andy.sh</groupId>	<artifactId>springmvc_hibernate_demo</artifactId>	<packaging>war</packaging>	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>	<name>springmvc_hibernate_demo Maven Webapp</name>	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>	<properties>		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>		<spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>		<hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</hibernate.version>		<jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version>	</properties>	<dependencies>		<!-- junit -->		<dependency>			<groupId>junit</groupId>			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>			<version>4.12</version>			<scope>test</scope>		</dependency>		<!-- spring -->		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>			<version>${spring.version}</version>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>			<version>${spring.version}</version>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>			<version>${spring.version}</version>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>			<version>${spring.version}</version>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>			<version>${spring.version}</version>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>			<version>${spring.version}</version>			<scope>test</scope>		</dependency>		<!-- 使用SpringMVC需配置 -->		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>			<version>${spring.version}</version>		</dependency>		<!-- 關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)整合時(shí)需配置 如hibernate jpa等 -->		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>			<version>${spring.version}</version>		</dependency>		<!-- hibernate -->		<dependency>			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>			<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>		</dependency>		<!-- 二級(jí)緩存ehcache -->		<dependency>			<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>			<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>			<version>2.9.0</version>		</dependency>		<!-- log4j -->		<dependency>			<groupId>log4j</groupId>			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>			<version>1.2.17</version>		</dependency>		<!-- mysql連接 -->		<dependency>			<groupId>mysql</groupId>			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>			<version>5.1.34</version>		</dependency>		<!-- c3p0數(shù)據(jù)源 -->		<dependency>			<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>			<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>			<version>0.9.5-pre10</version>		</dependency>		<!-- json -->		<dependency>			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>			<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>			<version>1.2.3</version>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>			<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>			<version>${jackson.version}</version>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>			<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>			<version>${jackson.version}</version>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>			<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>			<version>${jackson.version}</version>		</dependency>		<!-- aop -->		<dependency>			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>			<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>			<version>1.8.4</version>		</dependency>		<!-- servlet -->		<dependency>			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>			<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>			<scope>provided</scope>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>			<version>1.2</version>		</dependency>	</dependencies>	<build>		<finalName>springmvc_hibernate_demo</finalName>		<plugins>			<!-- Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader -->			<plugin>				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>				<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>				<version>2.4.2</version>				<configuration>					<skipTests>true</skipTests>				</configuration>			</plugin>			<plugin>				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>				<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>				<version>2.3</version>				<configuration>					<webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml>				</configuration>			</plugin>			<!-- generate java doc -->			<plugin>				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>				<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>				<version>2.9.1</version>				<configuration>					<javadocDirectory>target/javadoc</javadocDirectory>					<reportOutputDirectory>target/javadoc</reportOutputDirectory>					<charset>UTF-8</charset>					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>					<docencoding>UTF-8</docencoding>					<show>private</show>				</configuration>			</plugin>			<!-- 部署至本機(jī) -->			<plugin>				<groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>				<artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>				<version>1.0</version>				<configuration>					<container>						<containerId>tomcat6x</containerId>						<home>D:/WebServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>					</container>					<configuration>						<type>existing</type>						<home>D:/WebServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>					</configuration>				</configuration>			</plugin>		</plugins>	</build></project>

3、引入Spring配置

    編寫配置文件，配置文件放在src/main/resources資源目錄下（下同）。

   項(xiàng)目所需的配置信息config.properties

#application configs#jdbc c3p0 configjdbc.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driverjdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/work?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8jdbc.username = rootjdbc.passWord = 12345#hibernate confighibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialecthibernate.show_sql = truehibernate.format_sql = falsehibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = updatehibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache = truehibernate.cache.use_query_cache = truehibernate.cache.region.factory_class = org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactoryhibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path = ehcache.xml

3.1、spring配置

spring.xml的配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans			http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd			http://www.springframework.org/schema/context			http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">	<!-- 加載配置文件 -->		<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/>	<!-- 掃描service自動(dòng)注入為bean -->	<context:component-scan base-package="org.andy.work.service.impl,org.andy.work.dao.impl" /></beans>

上面spring配置了對(duì)應(yīng)包下組件bean自動(dòng)注入管理，我們需要將dao,service的實(shí)現(xiàn)類交由spring管理，如（@Repository，@Service）。

3.2、引入日志文件配置Log4j

  log4j.properties的配置文件如下：

### set log levels ###log4j.rootLogger = INFO , C , D , E ### console ###log4j.appender.C = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppenderlog4j.appender.C.Target = System.outlog4j.appender.C.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.C.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n### log file ###log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppenderlog4j.appender.D.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo.loglog4j.appender.D.Append = truelog4j.appender.D.Threshold = INFO log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n### exception ###log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppenderlog4j.appender.E.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo_error.log log4j.appender.E.Append = truelog4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = [sspringmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n

4、Hibernate配置

      Hibernate的配置主要包括：配置數(shù)據(jù)源c3p0，配置SessionFactory，配置事務(wù)管理器，配置事務(wù)管理，其spring-hibernate.xml文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"	xsi:schemaLocation="		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd 		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">	<!-- 配置數(shù)據(jù)源 c3p0 -->	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"		destroy-method="close">		<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" />		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />		<!-- 請(qǐng)求超時(shí)時(shí)間 -->		<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="30000" />		<!-- 每60秒檢查所有連接池中的空閑連接。默認(rèn)值: 0，不檢查 -->		<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="30" />		<!-- 連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池最大空閑時(shí)間 -->		<property name="maxIdleTime" value="30" />		<!-- 連接池初始化連接數(shù) -->		<property name="initialPoolSize" value="5" />		<property name="minPoolSize" value="5" />		<property name="maxPoolSize" value="20" />		<!--當(dāng)連接池中的連接耗盡的時(shí)候c3p0一次同時(shí)獲取的連接數(shù)。默認(rèn)值: 3 -->		<property name="acquireIncrement" value="5" />	</bean>	<!-- 配置hibernate的SessionFactory -->	<bean id="sessionFactory"		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">		<!-- 注入數(shù)據(jù)源 相關(guān)信息看源碼 -->		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />		<!-- hibernate配置信息 -->		<property name="hibernateProperties">			<props>				<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>				<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>				<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop>				<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>				<!-- 開啟二級(jí)緩存 ehcache -->				<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache}</prop>				<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_query_cache}</prop>				<prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">${hibernate.cache.region.factory_class}</prop>				<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">${hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path}				</prop>			</props>		</property>		<!-- 掃描hibernate注解配置的entity -->		<property name="packagesToScan" value="org.andy.work.entity" />	</bean>	<!-- 配置事務(wù)管理器 -->	<bean id="transactionManager"		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />	</bean>	<!-- 配置事務(wù)增強(qiáng)處理Bean，指定事務(wù)管理器 -->	<tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">		<!-- 配置詳細(xì)事務(wù)處理語(yǔ)義 -->		<tx:attributes>			<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />			<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />			<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />			<tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />			<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />			<tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />			<tx:method name="load*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />			<!-- 其他采用默認(rèn)事務(wù)方式 -->			<tx:method name="*" />		</tx:attributes>	</tx:advice>	<!-- Spring aop事務(wù)管理 -->	<aop:config>		<!-- 配置切入點(diǎn) -->		<aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut"			expression="execution(* org.andy.work.service..*Impl.*(..))" />		<!-- 指定在txAdvice切入點(diǎn)應(yīng)用txAdvice事務(wù)增強(qiáng)處理 -->		<aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut"			advice-ref="transactionAdvice" />	</aop:config></beans>

     上面配置了二級(jí)緩存，ehcache，相關(guān)的具體信息查看上一篇Hibernate二級(jí)緩存以及ehcache的搭建配置，下面是二級(jí)緩存的配置。

4.1、ehcache.xml的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">	<diskStore path="D:/ehcache" />	<!-- DefaultCache setting. -->     <defaultCache            maxElementsInMemory="1000"            eternal="false"            timeToIdleSeconds="120"            timeToLiveSeconds="120"            maxElementsOnDisk="1000000"            overflowToDisk="true"             memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">                </defaultCache>	<!-- Special objects setting. -->	<cache 	     name="org.andy.work.entity.AcctUser"		 maxElementsInMemory="2"		 memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU" 		 eternal="true" 		 diskPersistent="false"		 overflowToDisk="false" 		 maxElementsOnDisk="1000000" /> </ehcache>

   上面Hibernate二級(jí)緩存ehcache存放磁盤是D:/ehcache

5、生成業(yè)務(wù)entity實(shí)體

      設(shè)計(jì)好數(shù)據(jù)表后，Hibernate的實(shí)體有工具Hibernate tools自動(dòng)生成，Eclipse需要安裝Hibernate tools插件（我在線安裝過(guò)幾次都不成功，推薦使用links離線安裝，附錄將介紹），所以不需要手工的書寫，下面就貼一個(gè)用戶信息的實(shí)體，AcctUser.java

package org.andy.work.entity;// Generated 2015-2-3 10:43:00 by Hibernate Tools 4.0.0import java.util.Date;import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.Set;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.FetchType;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;import javax.persistence.JoinTable;import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;import javax.persistence.Table;import javax.persistence.Temporal;import javax.persistence.TemporalType;import org.hibernate.annotations.Cache;import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;/** * AcctUser generated by hbm2java */@Entity@Table(name = "acct_user", catalog = "work")@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)public class AcctUser implements java.io.Serializable {	/**	 * 	 */	private static final long serialVersionUID = 6980093847795726310L;	private String id;	private String nickName;	private String telephone;	private Date registerTime;	private Set<AcctRole> acctRoles = new HashSet<AcctRole>(0);	public AcctUser() {	}	public AcctUser(String id, String nickName) {		this.id = id;		this.nickName = nickName;	}	public AcctUser(String id, String nickName, String telephone,			Date registerTime, Set<AcctRole> acctRoles) {		this.id = id;		this.nickName = nickName;		this.telephone = telephone;		this.registerTime = registerTime;		this.acctRoles = acctRoles;	}	@Id	@Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false, length = 36)	public String getId() {		return this.id;	}	public void setId(String id) {		this.id = id;	}	@Column(name = "nick_name", nullable = false)	public String getNickName() {		return this.nickName;	}	public void setNickName(String nickName) {		this.nickName = nickName;	}	@Column(name = "telephone")	public String getTelephone() {		return this.telephone;	}	public void setTelephone(String telephone) {		this.telephone = telephone;	}	@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)	@Column(name = "register_time", length = 19)	public Date getRegisterTime() {		return this.registerTime;	}	public void setRegisterTime(Date registerTime) {		this.registerTime = registerTime;	}	@JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"acctUsers", "acctAuthorities"})	@ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)	@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)	@JoinTable(name = "acct_user_role", catalog = "work", joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", nullable = false, updatable = false) }, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "role_id", nullable = false, updatable = false) })	public Set<AcctRole> getAcctRoles() {		return this.acctRoles;	}	public void setAcctRoles(Set<AcctRole> acctRoles) {		this.acctRoles = acctRoles;	}}

上面有幾個(gè)需要注意的：

     上面大多數(shù)都是Hibernate tools自動(dòng)生成的，但是有幾個(gè)需要手動(dòng)添加：

              1、如果這個(gè)實(shí)體使用二級(jí)緩存的話，需要添加@cache注解；

              2、如果該實(shí)體里面還有集合元素（set， map，list），如果實(shí)體要采用二級(jí)緩存，那么這些集合元素必須也添加@cache注解。

              3、@JsonIgnoreProperties注解是為了防止SpringMVC在json返回時(shí)產(chǎn)生循環(huán)輸出使用，如果不配置的話就會(huì)出現(xiàn)json死循環(huán)（還有多對(duì)多，一對(duì)多的屬性時(shí)）。

             4、@JsonIgnore這個(gè)是在轉(zhuǎn)換成json是忽略該屬性，而@JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"acctUsers", "acctAuthorities"})則是忽略acctRoles里面的acctUsers和acctAuthorites屬