史上最全最強SpringMVC詳細示例實戰教程

2019-11-15 00:31:55

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史上最全最強SPRingMVC詳細示例實戰教程SpringMVC學習筆記----一、SpringMVC基礎入門，創建一個HelloWorld程序

1.首先，導入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關于SpringMVC的配置

  <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->  <servlet>      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>      <init-param>            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>        </init-param>        <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                        <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>    <!-- don't handle the static resource -->    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />    <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->    <mvc:annotation-driven />        <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"             id="internalResourceViewResolver">        <!-- 前綴 -->        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />        <!-- 后綴 -->        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />    </bean></beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創建名為jsp的文件夾，用來存放jsp視圖。創建一個hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

6.編寫Controller代碼

@Controller@RequestMapping("/mvc")public class mvcController {    @RequestMapping("/hello")    public String hello(){                return "hello";    }}

7.啟動服務器，鍵入http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求，Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　視圖名稱解析器

3.以上出現的注解

@Controller負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求

三、SpringMVC常用注解

@Controller

　　負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中@RequestMapping

　　注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求@RequestBody

　　該注解用于讀取Request請求的body部分數據，使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析，然后把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對象上,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上

@ResponseBody

　　該注解用于將Controller的方法返回的對象，通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式后，寫入到Response對象的body數據區

@ModelAttribute　　　

　　在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在調用目標處理方法前，會先逐個調用在方法級上標注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以從隱含對象中獲取隱含的模型數據中獲取對象，再將請求參數 –綁定到對象中，再傳入入參將方法入參對象添加到模型中

@RequestParam　

　　在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參數傳遞給請求方法

@PathVariable

　　綁定 URL 占位符到入參@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出現異常時會執行該方法@ControllerAdvice

　　使一個Contoller成為全局的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常

四、自動匹配參數

    //match automatically    @RequestMapping("/person")    public String toPerson(String name,double age){        System.out.println(name+" "+age);        return "hello";    }

五、自動裝箱

1.編寫一個Person實體類

package test.SpringMVC.model;public class Person {    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public int getAge() {        return age;    }    public void setAge(int age) {        this.age = age;    }    private String name;    private int age;    }

2.在Controller里編寫方法

    //boxing automatically    @RequestMapping("/person1")    public String toPerson(Person p){        System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());        return "hello";    }

六、使用InitBinder來處理Date類型的參數

    //the parameter was converted in initBinder    @RequestMapping("/date")    public String date(Date date){        System.out.println(date);        return "hello";    }        //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"    @InitBinder    public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){        binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),                true));    }

七、向前臺傳遞參數

    //pass the parameters to front-end    @RequestMapping("/show")    public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){        Person p =new Person();        map.put("p", p);        p.setAge(20);        p.setName("jayjay");        return "show";    }

前臺可在Request域中取到"p"

八、使用Ajax調用

    //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax    @RequestMapping("/getPerson")    public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){        pw.write("hello,"+name);            }    @RequestMapping("/name")    public String sayHello(){        return "name";    }

前臺用下面的Jquery代碼調用

          $(function(){              $("#btn").click(function(){                  $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){                      alert(data);                  });              });          });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求

    //redirect     @RequestMapping("/redirect")    public String redirect(){        return "redirect:hello";    }

十、文件上傳

1.需要導入兩個jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

    <!-- upload settings -->    <bean id="mult3.方法代碼    @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)    public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{        MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;        MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");        String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getsession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+                "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));        fos.write(file.getBytes());        fos.flush();        fos.close();                return "hello";    }
4.前臺form表單
      <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">          <input type="file" name="file"><br>          <input type="submit" value="submit">      </form>
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定參數的name@Controller@RequestMapping("/test")public class mvcController1 {    @RequestMapping(value="/param")    public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,            @RequestParam(value="name")String name){        System.out.println(id+" "+name);        return "/hello";    }    }
十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC1.RestController
@Controller@RequestMapping("/rest")public class RestController {    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)    public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){        System.out.println("get"+id);        return "/hello";    }        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)    public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){        System.out.println("post"+id);        return "/hello";    }        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)    public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){        System.out.println("put"+id);        return "/hello";    }        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)    public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){        System.out.println("delete"+id);        return "/hello";    }    }
2.form表單發送put和delete請求
在web.xml中配置
  <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->  <filter>      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>  </filter>  <filter-mapping>      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  </filter-mapping>
在前臺可以用以下代碼產生請求
    <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">        <input type="submit" value="put">    </form>        <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">        <input type="submit" value="post">    </form>        <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">        <input type="submit" value="get">    </form>        <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">        <input type="submit" value="delete">    </form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串1.導入以下jar包
2.方法代碼
@Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public class jsonController {        @ResponseBody    @RequestMapping("/user")    public  User get(){        User u = new User();        u.setId(1);        u.setName("jayjay");        u.setBirth(new Date());        return u;    }}
十四、異常的處理1.處理局部異常（Controller內）
    @ExceptionHandler    public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");        mv.addObject("exception", ex);        System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");        return mv;    }        @RequestMapping("/error")    public String error(){        int i = 5/0;        return "hello";    }
2.處理全局異常（所有Controller）
@ControllerAdvicepublic class testControllerAdvice {    @ExceptionHandler    public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");        mv.addObject("exception", ex);        System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");        return mv;    }}
3.另一種處理全局異常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
    <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">        <property name="exceptionMappings">            <props>                <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>            </props>        </property>    </bean>
error是出錯頁面
十五、設置一個自定義攔截器1.創建一個MyInterceptor類，并實現HandlerInterceptor接口
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {    @Override    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,            HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)            throws Exception {        System.out.println("afterCompletion");    }    @Override    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,            Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {        System.out.println("postHandle");    }    @Override    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,            Object arg2) throws Exception {        System.out.println("preHandle");        return true;    }}
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
    <!-- interceptor setting -->    <mvc:interceptors>        <mvc:interceptor>            <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>            <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>        </mvc:interceptor>            </mvc:interceptors>
3.攔截器執行順序
十六、表單的驗證（使用Hibernate-validate）及國際化1.導入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未選中不用導入)
2.編寫實體類User并加上驗證注解
public class User {    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Date getBirth() {        return birth;    }    public void setBirth(Date birth) {        this.birth = birth;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";    }        private int id;    @NotEmpty    private String name;    @Past    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")    private Date birth;}
ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單
    <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">        id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>        name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>        birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>        <input type="submit" value="submit">    </form:form> 
ps:path對應name
4.Controller中代碼
@Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public class formController {    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)        public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){        if(br.getErrorCount()>0){                        return "addUser";        }        return "showUser";    }        @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)    public String add(Map<String,Object> map){        map.put("user",new User());        return "addUser";    }}
ps:
　　1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個"user".
　　2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標記的注解驗證參數
　　3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯，表單也會回顯
5.錯誤信息自定義
在src目錄下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
    <!-- configure the locale resource -->    <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">        <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>    </bean>
6.國際化顯示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=賬號passWord=密碼
locale.properties中添加
username=user namepassword=password
創建一個locale.jsp
  <body>    <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>    <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>  </body>
在SpringMVC中配置
    <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->    <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>
讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問
最后，訪問locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語言，能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了
十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC1.創建一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合，并創建各類
2.User實體類
public class User {    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Date getBirth() {        return birth;    }    public void setBirth(Date birth) {        this.birth = birth;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";    }        private int id;    @NotEmpty    private String name;    @Past    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")    private Date birth;}
3.UserService類
@Componentpublic class UserService {    public UserService(){        System.out.println("UserService Constructor.../n/n/n/n/n/n");    }        public void save(){        System.out.println("save");    }}
4.UserController
@Controller@RequestMapping("/integrate")public class UserController {    @Autowired    private UserService userService;        @RequestMapping("/user")    public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){        System.out.println(u);        userService.save();        return "hello";    }}
5.Spring配置文件
在src目錄下創建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd        "        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"            >    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"             expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>            </context:component-scan>    </beans>
在Web.xml中添加配置
  <!-- configure the springIOC -->  <listener>      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  </listener>  <context-param>      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>      <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>  </context-param>
6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合
<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">        <context:include-filter type="annotation"             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>        <context:include-filter type="annotation"             expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>    </context:component-scan>
十八、SpringMVC詳細運行流程圖
十九、SpringMVC運行原理
1. 客戶端請求提交到DispatcherServlet2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查詢一個或多個HandlerMapping，找到處理請求的Controller3. DispatcherServlet將請求提交到Controller4. Controller調用業務邏輯處理后，返回ModelAndView5. DispatcherServlet查詢一個或多個ViewResoler視圖解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的視圖6. 視圖負責將結果顯示到客戶端
二十、SpringMVC與struts2的區別1、springmvc基于方法開發的，struts2基于類開發的。springmvc將url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一個Handler對象，對象中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束，形參數據銷毀。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。2、springmvc可以進行單例開發，并且建議使用單例開發，struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數，無法使用單例，只能使用多例。3、經過實際測試，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts標簽，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。