在Java 字符終端上獲取輸入有三種方式:
1、java.lang.System.in (目前JDK版本均支持)
2、java.util.Scanner (JDK版本>=1.5)
3、java.io.Console(JDK版本>=1.6),特色:能不回顯密碼字符
參考:
這里記錄Java中從控制臺讀入信息的幾種方式
(1)JDK 1.4(JDK 1.5和JDK 1.6也都兼容這種方法)
public class TestConsole1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:);
System.out.println("The information from console: + str);
}
/**
* Use InputStreamReader and System.in to read data from console
*
* @param prompt
*
* @return input string
*/
private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String str = null;
try {
System.out.print(prompt);
str = br.readLine();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return str;
}
}
(2)JDK 1.5(利用Scanner進行讀?。?BR>
public class TestConsole2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:");
System.out.println("The information from console:" + str);
}
/**
* Use java.util.Scanner to read data from console
*
* @param prompt
*
* @return input string
*/
private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(prompt);
return scanner.nextLine();
}
}
Scanner還可以很方便的掃描文件,讀取里面的信息并轉換成你要的類型,比如對“2 2.2 3.3 3.33 4.5 done”這樣的數據求和,見如下代碼:
public class TestConsole4 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("num.txt");
fw.write("2 2.2 3.3 3.33 4.5 done");
fw.close();
System.out.println("Sum is "+scanFileForSum("num.txt"));
}
public static double scanFileForSum(String fileName) throws IOException {
double sum = 0.0;
FileReader fr = null;
try {
fr = new FileReader(fileName);
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(fr);
while (scanner.hasNext()) {
if (scanner.hasNextDouble()) {
sum = sum + scanner.nextDouble();
} else {
String str = scanner.next();
if (str.equals("done")) {
break;
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("File Format is wrong!");
}
}
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("File " + fileName + " not found!");
} finally {
if (fr != null)
fr.close();
}
return sum;
}
}
(3)JDK 1.6(利用java.io.Console進行讀?。?BR>JDK6中提供了java.io.Console類專用來訪問基于字符的控制臺設備.
你的程序如果要與Windows下的cmd或者Linux下的Terminal交互,就可以用Console類代勞.(類似System.in和System.out)
但我們不總是能得到可用的Console, 一個JVM是否有可用的Console依賴于底層平臺和JVM如何被調用.
如果JVM是在交互式命令行(比如Windows的cmd)中啟動的,并且輸入輸出沒有重定向到另外的地方,那么就可以得到一個可用的Console實例。
在使用 IDE 的情況下,是無法獲取到Console實例的,原因在于在 IDE 的環境下,重新定向了標準輸入和輸出流,也是就是將系統控制臺上的輸入輸出重定向到了 IDE 的控制臺中
public class TestConsole3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:");
System.out.println("The information from console:" + str);
}
/**
* Use java.io.console to read data from console
*
* @param prompt
*
* @return input string
*/
private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) {
Console console = System.console();
if (console == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Console is not available!");
}
return console.readLine(prompt);
}
}
Console類還有個特色就是,專門對密碼(輸入無回顯)等安全字符,進行了處理。專門提供 readPassword()方法,具體應用見如下代碼:
public class TestConsole5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Console console = System.console();
if (console == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Console is not available!");
}
while(true){
String username = console.readLine("Username: ");
char[] password = console.readPassword("Password: ");
if (username.equals("Chris") && String.valueOf(password).equals("GoHead")) {
console.printf("Welcome to Java Application %1$s./n", username);
// 使用后應立即將數組清空,以減少其在內存中占用的時間,增強安全性
password = null;
System.exit(-1);
}
else {
console.printf("Invalid username or password./n");
}
}
}
}