127.0.0.1:6379> setex s 20 1OK127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s(integer) 17127.0.0.1:6379> setex s 200 1OK127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s(integer) 195127.0.0.1:6379> setrange s 3 100(integer) 6127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s(integer) 152127.0.0.1:6379> get s"1/x00/x00100"127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s(integer) 108127.0.0.1:6379> getset s 200"1/x00/x00100"127.0.0.1:6379> get s"200"127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s(integer) -1

127.0.0.1:6379> setex s 100 testOK127.0.0.1:6379> get s"test"127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s(integer) 94127.0.0.1:6379> type sstring127.0.0.1:6379> strlen s(integer) 4127.0.0.1:6379> persist s(integer) 1127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s(integer) -1127.0.0.1:6379> get s"test"

127.0.0.1:6379> expire s 200(integer) 1127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s(integer) 198127.0.0.1:6379> rename s ssOK127.0.0.1:6379> ttl ss(integer) 187127.0.0.1:6379> type ssstring127.0.0.1:6379> get ss"test"

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Expires API *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ int removeExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) { /* An expire may only be removed if there is a corresponding entry in the * main dict. Otherwise, the key will never be freed. */ redisAssertWithInfo(NULL,key,dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr) != NULL); return dictDelete(db->expires,key->ptr) == DICT_OK;} void setExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key, long long when) { dictEntry *kde, *de;  /* Reuse the sds from the main dict in the expire dict */ kde = dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr); redisAssertWithInfo(NULL,key,kde != NULL); de = dictReplaceRaw(db->expires,dictGetKey(kde)); dictSetSignedIntegerVal(de,when);} /* Return the expire time of the specified key, or -1 if no expire * is associated with this key (i.e. the key is non volatile) */long long getExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) { dictEntry *de;  /* No expire? return ASAP */ if (dictSize(db->expires) == 0 || (de = dictFind(db->expires,key->ptr)) == NULL) return -1;  /* The entry was found in the expire dict, this means it should also * be present in the main dict (safety check). */ redisAssertWithInfo(NULL,key,dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr) != NULL); return dictGetSignedIntegerVal(de);} /* Propagate expires into slaves and the AOF file. * When a key expires in the master, a DEL operation for this key is sent * to all the slaves and the AOF file if enabled. * * This way the key expiry is centralized in one place, and since both * AOF and the master->slave link guarantee operation ordering, everything * will be consistent even if we allow write operations against expiring * keys. */void propagateExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) { robj *argv[2];  argv[0] = shared.del; argv[1] = key; incrRefCount(argv[0]); incrRefCount(argv[1]);  if (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF) feedAppendOnlyFile(server.delCommand,db->id,argv,2); replicationFeedSlaves(server.slaves,db->id,argv,2);  decrRefCount(argv[0]); decrRefCount(argv[1]);} int expireIfNeeded(redisDb *db, robj *key) { mstime_t when = getExpire(db,key); mstime_t now;  if (when < 0) return 0; /* No expire for this key */ /* Don't expire anything while loading. It will be done later. */ if (server.loading) return 0; /* If we are in the context of a Lua script, we claim that time is * blocked to when the Lua script started. This way a key can expire * only the first time it is accessed and not in the middle of the * script execution, making propagation to slaves / AOF consistent. * See issue #1525 on Github for more information. */ now = server.lua_caller ? server.lua_time_start : mstime(); /* If we are running in the context of a slave, return ASAP: * the slave key expiration is controlled by the master that will * send us synthesized DEL operations for expired keys. * * Still we try to return the right information to the caller, * that is, 0 if we think the key should be still valid, 1 if * we think the key is expired at this time. */ if (server.masterhost != NULL) return now > when;  /* Return when this key has not expired */ if (now <= when) return 0; /* Delete the key */ server.stat_expiredkeys++; propagateExpire(db,key); notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_EXPIRED, "expired",key,db->id); return dbDelete(db,key);} /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Expires Commands *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* This is the generic command implementation for EXPIRE, PEXPIRE, EXPIREAT * and PEXPIREAT. Because the commad second argument may be relative or absolute * the "basetime" argument is used to signal what the base time is (either 0 * for *AT variants of the command, or the current time for relative expires). * * unit is either UNIT_SECONDS or UNIT_MILLISECONDS, and is only used for * the argv[2] parameter. The basetime is always specified in milliseconds. */void expireGenericCommand(redisClient *c, long long basetime, int unit) { robj *key = c->argv[1], *param = c->argv[2]; long long when; /* unix time in milliseconds when the key will expire. */  if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c, param, &when, NULL) != REDIS_OK) return;  if (unit == UNIT_SECONDS) when *= 1000; when += basetime;  /* No key, return zero. */ if (lookupKeyRead(c->db,key) == NULL) { addReply(c,shared.czero); return; }  /* EXPIRE with negative TTL, or EXPIREAT with a timestamp into the past * should never be executed as a DEL when load the AOF or in the context * of a slave instance. * * Instead we take the other branch of the IF statement setting an expire * (possibly in the past) and wait for an explicit DEL from the master. */ if (when <= mstime() && !server.loading && !server.masterhost) { robj *aux; redisAssertWithInfo(c,key,dbDelete(c->db,key)); server.dirty++;  /* Replicate/AOF this as an explicit DEL. */ aux = createStringObject("DEL",3); rewriteClientCommandVector(c,2,aux,key); decrRefCount(aux); signalModifiedKey(c->db,key); notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_GENERIC,"del",key,c->db->id); addReply(c, shared.cone); return; } else { setExpire(c->db,key,when); addReply(c,shared.cone); signalModifiedKey(c->db,key); notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_GENERIC,"expire",key,c->db->id); server.dirty++; return; }} void expireCommand(redisClient *c) { expireGenericCommand(c,mstime(),UNIT_SECONDS);} void expireatCommand(redisClient *c) { expireGenericCommand(c,0,UNIT_SECONDS);} void pexpireCommand(redisClient *c) { expireGenericCommand(c,mstime(),UNIT_MILLISECONDS);} void pexpireatCommand(redisClient *c) { expireGenericCommand(c,0,UNIT_MILLISECONDS);} void ttlGenericCommand(redisClient *c, int output_ms) { long long expire, ttl = -1;  /* If the key does not exist at all, return -2 */ if (lookupKeyRead(c->db,c->argv[1]) == NULL) { addReplyLongLong(c,-2); return; } /* The key exists. Return -1 if it has no expire, or the actual * TTL value otherwise. */ expire = getExpire(c->db,c->argv[1]); if (expire != -1) { ttl = expire-mstime(); if (ttl < 0) ttl = 0; } if (ttl == -1) { addReplyLongLong(c,-1); } else { addReplyLongLong(c,output_ms ? ttl : ((ttl+500)/1000)); } } void ttlCommand(redisClient *c) { ttlGenericCommand(c, 0); } void pttlCommand(redisClient *c) { ttlGenericCommand(c, 1); } void persistCommand(redisClient *c) { dictEntry *de; de = dictFind(c->db->dict,c->argv[1]->ptr); if (de == NULL) { addReply(c,shared.czero); } else { if (removeExpire(c->db,c->argv[1])) {  addReply(c,shared.cone);  server.dirty++; } else {  addReply(c,shared.czero); } }}

#define ACTIVE_EXPIRE_CYCLE_SLOW_TIME_PERC 25 /* CPU max % for keys collection */ ... timelimit = 1000000*ACTIVE_EXPIRE_CYCLE_SLOW_TIME_PERC/server.hz/100;

# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like # closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are # never requested, and so forth. # # Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for # tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value. # # By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when # Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when # there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be # handled with more precision. # # The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not # a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to # 100 only in environments where very low latency is required. hz 10  # MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory # is reached. You can select among five behaviors: # # volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm # allkeys-lru -> remove any key according to the LRU algorithm # volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set # allkeys-random -> remove a random key, any key # volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL) # noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations # # Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write # operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction. # # At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append # incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd # sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby # zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby # getset mset msetnx exec sort # # The default is: # maxmemory-policy noeviction  # LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated # algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or # accuracy. For default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was # used less recently, you can change the sample size using the following # configuration directive. # # The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely # true LRU but costs a bit more CPU. 3 is very fast but not very accurate. # maxmemory-samples 5