前言
PowerShell能干什么呢?PowerShell首先是個(gè)Shell,定義好了一堆命令與操作系統(tǒng),特別是與文件系統(tǒng)交互,能夠啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序,甚至操縱應(yīng)用程序;第二,PowerShell允許將幾個(gè)命令組合起來(lái)放到文件里執(zhí)行,實(shí)現(xiàn)文件級(jí)的重用,也就是說(shuō)有腳本的性質(zhì);第三,PowerShell能夠能夠充分利用.Net類(lèi)型和COM對(duì)象,來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單地與各種系統(tǒng)交互,完成各種復(fù)雜的、自動(dòng)化的操作。
當(dāng)我們習(xí)慣了windows的界面模式就很難轉(zhuǎn)去命令行,甚至以命令行發(fā)家的git也涌現(xiàn)出各種界面tool。然而命令行真的會(huì)比界面快的多,如果你是一個(gè)碼農(nóng)。
situation:接到需求分析bug,需要訪問(wèn)http。那臺(tái)機(jī)器屬于product,不允許裝postman。我只能手動(dòng)命令行來(lái)發(fā)請(qǐng)求。發(fā)現(xiàn)了內(nèi)置的PowerShell中有curl命令。歡喜試了半天,總是命令不對(duì),google發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)curl是冒名頂替的,只是一個(gè)Invoke-WebRequest的alias。參考。
PS> Get-Alias -Definition Invoke-WebRequest | Format-Table -AutoSizeCommandType Name Version Source----------- ---- ------- ------Alias curl -> Invoke-WebRequestAlias iwr -> Invoke-WebRequestAlias wget -> Invoke-WebRequest
Invoke-WebRequest簡(jiǎn)單用法
1.用途
Gets content from a web page on the Internet.
獲取http web請(qǐng)求訪問(wèn)內(nèi)容
2.語(yǔ)法Syntax
Parameter Set: DefaultInvoke-WebRequest [-Uri] <Uri> [-Body <Object> ] [-Certificate <X509Certificate> ] [-CertificateThumbprint <String> ] [-ContentType <String> ] [-Credential <PSCredential> ] [-DisableKeepAlive] [-Headers <IDictionary> ] [-InFile <String> ] [-MaximumRedirection <Int32> ] [-Method <WebRequestMethod> {Default | Get | Head | Post | Put | Delete | Trace | Options | Merge | Patch} ] [-OutFile <String> ] [-PassThru] [-Proxy <Uri> ] [-ProxyCredential <PSCredential> ] [-ProxyUseDefaultCredentials] [-SessionVariable <String> ] [-TimeoutSec <Int32> ] [-TransferEncoding <String> {chunked | compress | deflate | gzip | identity} ] [-UseBasicParsing] [-UseDefaultCredentials] [-UserAgent <String> ] [-WebSession <WebRequestSession> ] [ <CommonParameters>]
3.簡(jiǎn)單的幾個(gè)用法
3.1 Get請(qǐng)求
PS C:/Users/rmiao> curl -URi https://www.google.comStatusCode : 200StatusDescription : OKContent : <!doctype html><html itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="en"><head><meta content="Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many speci..."RawContent : HTTP/1.1 200 OK X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN Alt-Svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="36,35,34,33,32" Vary: Accept-Encoding Transfer-Encoding: chunked
會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)content內(nèi)容被截?cái)嗔恕O胍@取完整的content:
ps> curl https://www.google.com | Select -ExpandProperty Content
3.2添加header
-Headers @{"accept"="application/json"}
3.3指定Method
-Method Get
3.4將獲取到的content輸出到文件
-OutFile 'c:/Users/rmiao/temp/content.txt'
3.5表單提交
For example:$R = Invoke-WebRequest http://website.com/login.aspx $R.Forms[0].Name = "MyName" $R.Forms[0].Password = "MyPassword" Invoke-RestMethod http://website.com/service.aspx -Body $R
or
Invoke-RestMethod http://website.com/service.aspx -Body $R.Forms[0]
3.6內(nèi)容篩選
PS C:/Users/rmiao> $R = Invoke-WebRequest -URI http://www.bing.com?q=how+many+feet+in+a+milePS C:/Users/rmiao> $R.AllElements | where {$_.innerhtml -like "*=*"} | Sort { $_.InnerHtml.Length } | Select InnerText -First 5innerText---------=1Next=
3.7一個(gè)登陸示例
#發(fā)送一個(gè)登陸請(qǐng)求,聲明一個(gè)sessionVariable 參數(shù)為fb, 將結(jié)果保存在$R#這個(gè)變量FB就是header.cookie等集合PS C:/Users/rmiao> $R=curl http://www.facebook.com/login.php -SessionVariable fbPS C:/Users/rmiao> $FBHeaders : {}Cookies : System.Net.CookieContainerUseDefaultCredentials : FalseCredentials :Certificates :UserAgent : Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT; Windows NT 6.3; en-US) WindowsPowerShell/4.0Proxy :MaximumRedirection : -1#將response響應(yīng)結(jié)果中的第一個(gè)form屬性賦值給變量FormPS C:/Users/rmiao> $Form=$R.Forms[0]PS C:/Users/rmiao> $Form.fieldsKey Value--- -----lsd AVqQqrLWdisplayenable_profile_selectorisprivatelegacy_return 0profile_selector_idsreturn_sessionskip_api_loginsigned_nexttrynum 1u_0_0u_0_1lgnrnd 214945_qGeglgnjs nemailpasspersistentdefault_persistent 1# 查看formPS C:/Users/rmiao> $Form | Format-ListId : login_formMethod : postAction : /login.php?login_attempt=1&lwv=100Fields : {[lsd, AVqQqrLW], [display, ], [enable_profile_selector, ], [isprivate, ]...}#查看屬性$Form.fields#設(shè)置賬號(hào)密碼$Form.Fields["email"] = "[email protected]"$Form.Fields["pass"] = "P@ssw0rd"#發(fā)送請(qǐng)求并保存結(jié)果為$R$R=Invoke-WebRequest -Uri ("https://www.facebook.com" + $Form.Action) -WebSession $FB -Method POST -Body $Form.Fields#查看結(jié)果PS C:/Users/rmiao> $R.StatusDescriptionOK
雖然沒(méi)有curl那么主流,但一樣可以成為http訪問(wèn)的一個(gè)選擇。
總結(jié)
以上就是這篇文章的全部?jī)?nèi)容了,希望本文的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作能帶來(lái)一定的幫助,如果有疑問(wèn)大家可以留言交流,謝謝大家對(duì)武林網(wǎng)的支持。
參考
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh849901.aspx
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