Windows和Linux系統下perl連接SQL Server數據庫的方法

2020-10-31 15:05:29

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本文將提供一些perl連接Microsoft SQL Server數據庫的實例。perl腳本運行在Windows和Linux平臺。

Windows平臺

如果在Windows平臺下運行perl腳本，建議使用依賴DBI的兩個模塊包，提供標準的數據庫接口模塊。

DBD::ODBC
DBD::ADO

使用DBD::ODBC

如果選用DBD::ODBC，下面的實例代碼將展示如何連接到SQL Server數據庫：

復制代碼代碼如下:

use DBI; 
 
# DBD::ODBC 
 
my $dsn = 'DBI:ODBC:Driver={SQL Server}'; 
my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433'; 
my $database = 'my_database'; 
my $user = 'sa'; 
my $auth = ‘s3cr3t'; 
 
# Connect via DBD::ODBC by specifying the DSN dynamically. 
my $dbh = DBI->connect("$dsn;Server=$host;Database=$database", 
 $user, 
 $auth, 
 { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1} 
 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr"; 
 
#Prepare a SQL statement my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees "; 
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql ); 
 
#Execute the statement 
$sth->execute(); 
 
my( $id, $name, $phone_number ); 
 
# Bind the results to the local variables 
$sth->bind_columns( undef, /$id, /$name, /$phone_number ); 
 
#Retrieve values from the result set 
while( $sth->fetch() ) { 
 print "$id, $name, $phone_number/n"; 
} 
 
#Close the connection 
$sth->finish(); 
$dbh->disconnect();

你還可以使用預先設置的一個系統DSN來連接。要建立一個系統DSN，可以這樣訪問控制面板->管理工具->數據源。

使用系統DSN連接，需要更改連接字符串。如下所示：

復制代碼代碼如下:

# Connect via DBD::ODBC using a System DSN 
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ODBC:my_system_dsn", 
 $user, 
 $auth, 
 { 
 RaiseError => 1, 
 AutoCommit => 1 
 } 
 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";

使用DBD::ADO

如果選擇DBD::ADO模塊，下面的實例展示如何連接到SQL Server數據庫。

復制代碼代碼如下:

use DBI; 
 
my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433'; 
my $database = 'my_database'; 
my $user = 'sa'; 
my $auth = ‘s3cr3t'; 
 
# DBD::ADO 
$dsn = "Provider=sqloledb;Trusted Connection=yes;"; 
$dsn .= "Server=$host;Database=$database"; 
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ADO:$dsn", 
 $user, 
 $auth, 
 { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1} 
 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr"; 
 
#Prepare a SQL statement 
my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees "; my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql ); 
 
#Execute the statement 
$sth->execute(); 
 
my( $id, $name, $phone_number ); 
 
# Bind the results to the local variables 
$sth->bind_columns( undef, /$id, /$name, /$phone_number ); 
 
#Retrieve values from the result set 
while( $sth->fetch() ) { 
 print "$id, $name, $phone_number/n"; 
} 
 
#Close the connection 
$sth->finish(); 
$dbh->disconnect();

Linux平臺

如果是在Linux平臺下運行perl腳本，連接SQL Server數據庫需要使用到DBD::Sybase包。

安裝SQL Server支持庫

Sybase DBD包依賴FreeTDS驅動程序。

FreeTDS下載地址：www.freetds.org

安裝FreeTDS驅動的說明文檔參見：http://www.freetds.org/userguide/config.htm

該驅動沒有使用到ODBC.

配置數據源

修改freetds.conf文件包括SQL Server數據庫信息，如下所示：

復制代碼代碼如下:

[SS_MY_DB]
host = 10.0.0.1 # or host name port = 1433
tds version = 7.0

安裝Sybase DBD模塊

該模塊文檔參見：http://search.cpan.org/~mewp/DBD-Sybase/Sybase.pm

此外，需要將sybase環境變量應設置為FreeTDS安裝路徑，export SYBASE=/usr/local/freetds

使用Sybase DBI和SQL Server DSN實例

復制代碼代碼如下:

# load the DBI module 
use DBI; 
use DBD::Sybase; 
 
my $database="my_database"; 
my $user="sa"; 
my $auth="s3cr3t"; 
 
BEGIN 
{ 
 $ENV{SYBASE} = "/usr/local"; 
} 
 
# Connect to the SQL Server Database 
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:Sybase:server=ss_my_db;database=$database", 
 $user, 
 $auth 
 {RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1} 
 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr"; 
 
#Prepare a SQL statement 
my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees"; 
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql ); 
 
#Execute the statement 
$sth->execute(); 
 
my( $id, $name, $phone_number ); 
 
# Bind the results to the local variables 
$sth->bind_columns( undef, /$id, /$name, /$phone_number ); 
 
#Retrieve values from the result set 
while( $sth->fetch() ) {  print "$name, $title, $phone/n"; 
} 
 
#Close the connection 
$sth->finish(); 
undef $sth; # This fixes a segfault bug with certain versions of DBD::Sybase 
$dbh->disconnect();