nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的區別介紹

2024-08-30 12:29:16

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前言

nginx作為web服務器一個重要的功能就是反向代理。nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增額外的模塊，默認自帶proxy_pass指令，只需要修改配置文件就可以實現反向代理。

而在日常的web網站部署中，經常會用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理，有一個配置需要弄清楚：配置proxy_pass時，當在后面的url加上了/，相當于是絕對根路徑，則nginx不會把location中匹配的路徑部分代理走;如果沒有/，則會把匹配的路徑部分也給代理走（這樣配置可以參考這篇文章）。

下面舉個小實例說明下：

centos7系統庫中默認是沒有nginx的rpm包的，所以我們自己需要先更新下rpm依賴庫

1）使用yum安裝nginx需要包括Nginx的庫，安裝Nginx的庫

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

2）使用下面命令安裝nginx

[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx

3）nginx配置

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;}} [root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.htmlthis is page of test!!!!

4）啟動Nginx

[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service

5）測試訪問（103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23機器的外網ip）

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23this is page of test!!!!

看看下面幾種情況：分別用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html進行訪問測試

為了方便測試，先在另一臺機器192.168.1.5上部署一個8090端口的nginx，配置如下：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.confserver {listen 8090;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;}}[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.htmlthis is 192.168.1.5[root@bastion-IDC ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

測試訪問（103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外網ip）：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090this is 192.168.1.5

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192.168.1.23作為nginx反向代理機器，nginx配置如下：

1）第一種情況：

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;}}

這樣，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目錄不需要存在根目錄/var/www/html里面

注意，終端里如果訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy（即后面不帶"/"），則會訪問失??！因為proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/this is 192.168.1.5[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy<html><head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center><hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center></body></html>

頁面訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy的時候，會自動加上"/”（同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"），并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的結果

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2）第二種情況，proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

那么訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，都會失敗！

這樣配置后，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

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3）第三種情況

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/192.168.1.5 haha-index.html

這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

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4）第四種情況：相對于第三種配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

上面配置后，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

注意，這種情況下，不能直接訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，后面就算是默認的index.html文件也要跟上，否則訪問失??！

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上面四種方式都是匹配的path路徑后面加"/"，下面說下path路徑后面不帶"/"的情況：

1）第一種情況，proxy_pass后面url帶"/"：

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

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2）第二種情況，proxy_pass后面url不帶"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service[root@localhost conf.d]#

這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/”（即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

nginx,proxy,pass配置,pass,proxypass,配置

3）第三種情況

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/”（即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

nginx,proxy,pass配置,pass,proxypass,配置

4）第四種情況：相對于第三種配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

nginx,proxy,pass配置,pass,proxypass,配置