本文介紹Python中的線程同步對象,主要涉及 thread 和 threading 模塊。
threading 模塊提供的線程同步原語包括:Lock、RLock、Condition、Event、Semaphore等對象。
線程執行
join與setDaemon
子線程在主線程運行結束后,會繼續執行完,如果給子線程設置為守護線程(setDaemon=True),主線程運行結束子線程即結束;
如果join()線程,那么主線程會等待子線程執行完再執行。
import threadingimport timedef get_thread_a(): print("get thread A started") time.sleep(3) print("get thread A end")def get_thread_b(): print("get thread B started") time.sleep(5) print("get thread B end")if __name__ == "__main__": thread_a = threading.Thread(target=get_thread_a) thread_b = threading.Thread(target=get_thread_b) start_time = time.time() thread_b.setDaemon(True) thread_a.start() thread_b.start() thread_a.join() end_time = time.time() print("execution time: {}".format(end_time - start_time))
thread_a是join,首先子線程thread_a執行,thread_b是守護線程,當主線程執行完后,thread_b不會再執行執行結果如下:
get thread A started
get thread B started
get thread A end
execution time: 3.003199815750122
線程同步
當線程間共享全局變量,多個線程對該變量執行不同的操作時,該變量最終的結果可能是不確定的(每次線程執行后的結果不同),如:對count變量執行加減操作 ,count的值是不確定的,要想count的值是一個確定的需對線程執行的代碼段加鎖。
python對線程加鎖主要有Lock和Rlock模塊
Lock:
from threading import Locklock = Lock()lock.acquire()lock.release()
Lock有acquire()和release()方法,這兩個方法必須是成對出現的,acquire()后面必須release()后才能再acquire(),否則會造成死鎖
Rlock:
鑒于Lock可能會造成死鎖的情況,RLock(可重入鎖)對Lock進行了改進,RLock可以在同一個線程里面連續調用多次acquire(),但必須再執行相同次數的release()
from threading import RLocklock = RLock()lock.acquire()lock.acquire()lock.release()lock.release()
condition(條件變量),線程在執行時,當滿足了特定的條件后,才可以訪問相關的數據
import threadingdef get_thread_a(condition): with condition: condition.wait() print("A : Hello B,that's ok") condition.notify() condition.wait() print("A : I'm fine,and you?") condition.notify() condition.wait() print("A : Nice to meet you") condition.notify() condition.wait() print("A : That's all for today") condition.notify()def get_thread_b(condition): with condition: print("B : Hi A, Let's start the conversation") condition.notify() condition.wait() print("B : How are you") condition.notify() condition.wait() print("B : I'm fine too") condition.notify() condition.wait() print("B : Nice to meet you,too") condition.notify() condition.wait() print("B : Oh,goodbye")if __name__ == "__main__": condition = threading.Condition() thread_a = threading.Thread(target=get_thread_a, args=(condition,)) thread_b = threading.Thread(target=get_thread_b, args=(condition,)) thread_a.start() thread_b.start()
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