Serializer序列化器
定義Serializer
1. 定義方法
Django REST framework中的Serializer使用類來定義,須繼承自rest_framework.serializers.Serializer。
例如,我們已有了一個數據庫模型類BookInfo
class BookInfo(models.Model): btitle = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='名稱') bpub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name='發布日期', null=True) bread = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='閱讀量') bcomment = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='評論量') image = models.ImageField(upload_to='booktest', verbose_name='圖片', null=True)
我們想為這個模型類提供一個序列化器,可以定義如下:
class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.Serializer): """圖書數據序列化器""" id = serializers.IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True) btitle = serializers.CharField(label='名稱', max_length=20) bpub_date = serializers.DateField(label='發布日期', required=False) bread = serializers.IntegerField(label='閱讀量', required=False) bcomment = serializers.IntegerField(label='評論量', required=False) image = serializers.ImageField(label='圖片', required=False)
注意:serializer不是只能為數據庫模型類定義,也可以為非數據庫模型類的數據定義。serializer是獨立于數據庫之外的存在。
2. 字段與選項
常用字段類型:
字段 | 字段構造方式 |
---|---|
BooleanField | BooleanField() |
NullBooleanField | NullBooleanField() |
CharField | CharField(max_length=None, min_length=None, allow_blank=False, trim_whitespace=True) |
EmailField | EmailField(max_length=None, min_length=None, allow_blank=False) |
RegexField | RegexField(regex, max_length=None, min_length=None, allow_blank=False) |
SlugField | SlugField(maxlength=50, min_length=None, allow_blank=False) 正則字段,驗證正則模式 [a-zA-Z0-9-]+ |
URLField | URLField(max_length=200, min_length=None, allow_blank=False) |
UUIDField | UUIDField(format='hex_verbose') format: 1) 'hex_verbose' 如"5ce0e9a5-5ffa-654b-cee0-1238041fb31a" 2) 'hex' 如 "5ce0e9a55ffa654bcee01238041fb31a" 3)'int' - 如: "123456789012312313134124512351145145114" 4)'urn' 如: "urn:uuid:5ce0e9a5-5ffa-654b-cee0-1238041fb31a" |
IPAddressField | IPAddressField(protocol='both', unpack_ipv4=False, **options) |
IntegerField | IntegerField(max_value=None, min_value=None) |
FloatField | FloatField(max_value=None, min_value=None) |
DecimalField | DecimalField(max_digits, decimal_places, coerce_to_string=None, max_value=None, min_value=None) max_digits: 最多位數 decimal_palces: 小數點位置 |
DateTimeField | DateTimeField(format=api_settings.DATETIME_FORMAT, input_formats=None) |
DateField | DateField(format=api_settings.DATE_FORMAT, input_formats=None) |
TimeField | TimeField(format=api_settings.TIME_FORMAT, input_formats=None) |
DurationField | DurationField() |
ChoiceField | ChoiceField(choices) choices與Django的用法相同 |
MultipleChoiceField | MultipleChoiceField(choices) |
FileField | FileField(max_length=None, allow_empty_file=False, use_url=UPLOADED_FILES_USE_URL) |
ImageField | ImageField(max_length=None, allow_empty_file=False, use_url=UPLOADED_FILES_USE_URL) |
ListField | ListField(child=, min_length=None, max_length=None) |
DictField | DictField(child=) |
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