在我們爬蟲(chóng)的時(shí)候經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到驗(yàn)證碼，新浪微博的驗(yàn)證碼是四宮格形式。

可以采用模板驗(yàn)證碼的破解方式，也就是把所有驗(yàn)證碼的情況全部列出來(lái)，然后拿驗(yàn)證碼的圖片和這所有情況中的圖片進(jìn)行對(duì)比，然后獲取驗(yàn)證碼，再通過(guò)selenium自動(dòng)拖拽點(diǎn)擊，進(jìn)行破解。

我們將驗(yàn)證碼四個(gè)點(diǎn)標(biāo)注為1234，那么所有的情況就是以下24種情況。

數(shù)字代表箭頭指向：

所有的情況就是以上24種。我們將這24中驗(yàn)證碼的情況放在一個(gè)文件夾內(nèi)，當(dāng)我們?cè)诘卿浀臅r(shí)候用獲取的驗(yàn)證碼截圖去和所有的情況一一對(duì)比，然后獲取完全相同的驗(yàn)證碼，進(jìn)行點(diǎn)擊即可。代碼如下：

from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutExceptionfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainsimport timefrom PIL import Imagefrom io import BytesIOfrom os import listdirUSERNAME = ''PASSWORD = ''class CrackWeiboSlide():  def __init__(self):    self.url = 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login'    self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()    self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20)    self.username = USERNAME    self.password = PASSWORD  def __del__(self):    self.browser.close()  def open(self):    """    打開(kāi)網(wǎng)頁(yè)輸入用戶(hù)名密碼登錄    :return: None    """    self.browser.get(self.url)    username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginName')))    password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginPassword')))    submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'loginAction')))    username.send_keys(self.username)    password.send_keys(self.password)    submit.click()  def get_position(self):    """    獲取驗(yàn)證碼的位置    :return: 位置    """    try:      img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'patt-shadow')))    except TimeoutException:      print('未出現(xiàn)驗(yàn)證碼')      self.open()    time.sleep(2)    location = img.location    size = img.size    top=location['y']    bottom = location['y']+size['height']    left = location['x']    right = location['x']+size['width']    return (top,bottom,left,right)  def get_screenshot(self):    """    獲取截圖    :return:截圖    """    screentshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()    # BytesIO將網(wǎng)頁(yè)截圖轉(zhuǎn)換成二進(jìn)制    screentshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screentshot))    return screentshot  def get_image(self,name):    """獲取驗(yàn)證碼圖片"""    top,bottom,left,right = self.get_position()    print('驗(yàn)證碼位置',top,bottom,left,right)    screenshot = self.get_screenshot()    # crop()將圖片裁剪出來(lái),后面需要一個(gè)參數(shù)    captcha = screenshot.crop((left,top,right,bottom))    captcha.save(name)    return captcha  def detect_image(self,image):    """    匹配圖片    :param self:    :param image: 圖片    :return: 拖動(dòng)順序    """    # 圖片所在的文件夾    for template_name in listdir('templates/'):      print('正在匹配',template_name)      template = Image.open('templates/'+template_name)      # 匹配圖片      if self.same_img(image,template):        # 將匹配到的文件名轉(zhuǎn)換為列表        numbers = [int(number)for number in list(template_name.split('.')[0])]        print('拖動(dòng)順序',numbers)        return numbers  def is_pixel_equal(self,image1,image2,x,y):    """    判斷兩個(gè)像素的相似度    :param image1: 圖片1    :param image2: 圖片2    :param x: 位置x    :param y: 位置y    :return: 像素是否相同    """     # 取像素點(diǎn)    pixel1 = image1.load()[x,y]    pixel2 = image2.load()[x,y]    # 偏差量等于60    threshold = 60    if abs(pixel1[0]-pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1]-pixel2[1])<threshold and abs(pixel1[2]-pixel2[2])<threshold:      return True    else:      return False  def same_img(self,image,template):    """    識(shí)別相似的驗(yàn)證碼    :param image: 準(zhǔn)備識(shí)別的驗(yàn)證碼    :param template: 模板    :return:    """    # 相似度閾值    threshold = 0.99    count = 0    # 匹配所有像素點(diǎn)    for x in range(image.width):      for y in range(image.height):        # 判斷像素        if self.is_pixel_equal(image,template,x,y):          count+=1    result = float(count)/(image.width*image.height)    if result>threshold:      print('成功匹配')      return True    return False  def move(self,numbers):    """    根據(jù)順序拖動(dòng),此處接收的參數(shù)為前面的驗(yàn)證碼的順序列表    :param numbers:    :return:    """    # 獲取四宮格的四個(gè)點(diǎn)    circles = self.browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('.patt-wrap .patt-circ')    print('-----------------',circles)    dx = dy =0    for index in range(4):      circle = circles[numbers[index]-1]      if index == 0:        # 點(diǎn)擊第一個(gè)點(diǎn)        ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(circle,circle.size['width']/2,circle.size['height']/2).click_and_hold().perform()      else:        # 慢慢移動(dòng)        times = 30        for i in range(times):          ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(dx/times,dy/times).perform()          time.sleep(1/times)      if index == 3:        # 松開(kāi)鼠標(biāo)        ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()      else:        # 計(jì)算下次的偏移        dx = circles[numbers[index+1]-1].location['x'] - circle.location['x']        dy = circles[numbers[index+1]-1].location['y'] - circle.location['y']  def crack(self):    """    破解入口    :return:    """    self.open()    # 獲取驗(yàn)證碼圖片    image = self.get_image('captcha.png')    numbers = self.detect_image(image)    self.move(numbers)    time.sleep(10)    print('識(shí)別結(jié)束')if __name__ == '__main__':  crack = CrackWeiboSlide()  crack.crack()