環(huán)境:Oracle 11.2.0.4
客戶需求:主要背景是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中有很多業(yè)務(wù)用戶名,且由于部分用戶缺乏安全意識(shí),甚至直接將自己的密碼設(shè)置為和用戶名一樣,目前客戶期望密碼設(shè)置不要過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單,最起碼別和用戶名一致或相似就好。
實(shí)際上Oracle提供有一個(gè)非常好用的安全校驗(yàn)函數(shù),來(lái)提升用戶密碼的復(fù)雜性。這個(gè)在之前的文章《Oracle 11g 安全加固》中的“1.8.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)密碼安全性校驗(yàn)函數(shù)”章節(jié)就已經(jīng)有了確切的解決方案,核心內(nèi)容如下:
select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';prompt =============================prompt == 8.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)密碼安全性校驗(yàn)函數(shù) prompt =============================prompt 執(zhí)行創(chuàng)建安全性校驗(yàn)函數(shù)的腳本@?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';
上面這個(gè)自帶的安全性校驗(yàn)函數(shù)對(duì)檢查過(guò)于嚴(yán)苛,而客戶目前的需求就只有一個(gè),不允許密碼和用戶名完全一樣或過(guò)于相似就可以了。于是乎,我就從這個(gè)腳本中找到這項(xiàng)需求,把其他暫時(shí)不需要的部分全部去掉。這樣,就得到了如下的刪減版腳本:
RemRem $Header: rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg1.sql /st_rdbms_11.2.0/1 2013/01/31 01:34:11 skayoor Exp $RemRem utlpwdmg.sqlRemRem Copyright (c) 2006, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Rem All rights reserved. RemRem NAMERem utlpwdmg.sql - script for Default Password Resource LimitsRemRem DESCRIPTIONRem This is a script for enabling the password management featuresRem by setting the default password resource limits.RemRem NOTESRem This file contains a function for minimum checking of passwordRem complexity. This is more of a sample function that the customerRem can use to develop the function for actual complexity checks that the Rem customer wants to make on the new password.RemRem MODIFIED (MM/DD/YY)Rem skayoor 01/17/13 - Backport skayoor_bug-14671375 from mainRem asurpur 05/30/06 - fix - 5246666 beef up password complexity check Rem nireland 08/31/00 - Improve check for username=password. #1390553Rem nireland 06/28/00 - Fix null old password test. #1341892Rem asurpur 04/17/97 - Fix for bug479763Rem asurpur 12/12/96 - Changing the name of password_verify_functionRem asurpur 05/30/96 - New script for default password managementRem asurpur 05/30/96 - CreatedRem-- This script sets the default password resource parameters-- This script needs to be run to enable the password features.-- However the default resource parameters can be changed based -- on the need.-- A default password complexity function is also provided.-- This function makes the minimum complexity checks like-- the minimum length of the password, password not same as the-- username, etc. The user may enhance this function according to-- the need.-- This function must be created in SYS schema.-- connect sys/<password> as sysdba before running the scriptCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION verify_function_11G_WJZYY(username varchar2, password varchar2, old_password varchar2) RETURN boolean IS n boolean; m integer; differ integer; isdigit boolean; ischar boolean; ispunct boolean; db_name varchar2(40); digitarray varchar2(20); punctarray varchar2(25); chararray varchar2(52); i_char varchar2(10); simple_password varchar2(10); reverse_user varchar2(32);BEGIN digitarray:= '0123456789'; chararray:= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'; -- Check if the password is same as the username or username(1-100) IF NLS_LOWER(password) = NLS_LOWER(username) THEN raise_application_error(-20002, 'Password same as or similar to user'); END IF; FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP i_char := to_char(i); if NLS_LOWER(username)|| i_char = NLS_LOWER(password) THEN raise_application_error(-20005, 'Password same as or similar to user name '); END IF; END LOOP; -- Everything is fine; return TRUE ; RETURN(TRUE);END;/GRANT EXECUTE ON verify_function_11G_WJZYY TO PUBLIC;-- This script alters the default parameters for Password Management-- This means that all the users on the system have Password Management-- enabled and set to the following values unless another profile is -- created with parameter values set to different value or UNLIMITED -- is created and assigned to the user.ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMITPASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 180PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function_11G_WJZYY;
我們將這個(gè)腳本,遵守之前Oracle的命名方式,將其命名為utlpwdmg1.sql,放在同樣的路徑下。
這樣,我們執(zhí)行這個(gè)腳本就可以創(chuàng)建這個(gè)校驗(yàn)函數(shù):
將上面的刪減版腳本進(jìn)行測(cè)試并驗(yàn)證功能是否實(shí)現(xiàn):
--執(zhí)行腳本創(chuàng)建校驗(yàn)函數(shù)@?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg1.sql--確認(rèn)執(zhí)行成功select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';--將PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME修改為30(選做)ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 30;--查詢(xún)dba_profiles內(nèi)容select * from dba_profiles order by 1;--查詢(xún)用戶狀態(tài)和過(guò)期時(shí)間select USERNAME, PASSWORD, ACCOUNT_STATUS, LOCK_DATE, EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users;
測(cè)試用戶密碼不能與用戶名相同或者相似,否則會(huì)修改失敗:
--密碼與用戶名一樣,修改失敗:SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by jingyu;alter user jingyu identified by jingyu*ERROR at line 1:ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failedORA-20002: Password same as or similar to user--密碼與用戶名相似,修改失敗:SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by jingyu1;alter user jingyu identified by jingyu1*ERROR at line 1:ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failedORA-20005: Password same as or similar to user name--密碼與用戶名不一致,修改成功:SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by alfred;User altered.
11g默認(rèn)開(kāi)啟了審計(jì),從aud$表中可以查到用戶最近登錄的時(shí)間:
--查詢(xún)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí)區(qū)select property_value from database_properties where property_name='DBTIMEZONE';--查詢(xún)aud$表select MAX(to_char(a.ntimestamp#, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')) last_login, u.username from sys.aud$ a, dba_users u where a.USERID(+) = u.username and u.user_id > 90 group by u.username ORDER BY 1;
結(jié)果示例:
SYS@jyzhao1 >select MAX(to_char(a.ntimestamp#, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')) last_login, 2 u.username 3 from sys.aud$ a, dba_users u 4 where a.USERID(+) = u.username 5 and u.user_id > 90 6 group by u.username 7 ORDER BY 1;LAST_LOGIN USERNAME------------------- ------------------------------2018-04-17 07:16:46 JINGYU TESTTESTTEST XS$NULLSYS@jyzhao1 >
上述查詢(xún)結(jié)果LAST_LOGIN為空的用戶,就是在審計(jì)中沒(méi)有記錄到該用戶的登錄信息。
總結(jié)
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的提升Oracle用戶密碼安全性的策略,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問(wèn)請(qǐng)給我留言,小編會(huì)及時(shí)回復(fù)大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對(duì)VeVb武林網(wǎng)網(wǎng)站的支持!
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